坑道内爆炸条件下温压炸药的爆炸特性及其影响因素

纪玉国; 张国凯; 李干; 邓树新; 姚箭; 李杰; 王明洋; 何勇

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0011

坑道内爆炸条件下温压炸药的爆炸特性及其影响因素

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0011

纪玉国^{1, 2,},
张国凯^1, ,,
李干²,
邓树新¹,
姚箭¹,
李杰²,
王明洋^{1, 2},
何勇¹

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52278504)；江苏省自然科学基金(BK20220141)

详细信息

作者简介:
纪玉国（1993－　），男，博士，jiyuguo8162@njust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张国凯（1988－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，gkzhang@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382; TJ41
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-09
- 修回日期: 2023-11-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-18
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-14

Explosion characteristics of thermobaric explosive (TBX) detonated inside a tunnel and the related influential factors

JI Yuguo^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Guokai^{1
, ,},
LI Gan²,
DENG Shuxin¹,
YAO Jian¹,
LI Jie²,
WANG Mingyang^{1, 2},
HE Yong¹

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 温压炸药在坑道内爆炸时会产生多种毁伤元，对坑道内人员和设备造成严重威胁。基于不同药量的温压炸药爆炸试验，对坑道内爆炸条件下温压炸药的爆炸特性开展了研究，分析了爆炸热效应演化特征、冲击波传播规律和氧浓度降低情况，讨论了坑道对铝粉后燃的约束作用规律以及形成高烈度后燃效应的药量条件。研究表明：温压炸药火球辐射亮度高于TNT，且其火球温度峰值超过TNT温度峰值的1.3倍。在火球演化过程中，火球在后燃阶段的温度峰值较火球形态刚稳定时提升超过10%。在冲击波传播规律方面，超压峰值与正压时间的TNT当量系数分别约为1.4与1.65。另外，铝粉后燃产生的压缩波对冲击波能够形成多种补充效果，陡峭升压的压缩波能够使冲击波峰值升高，持续时间长但升压速率慢的压缩波能够限制冲击波的衰减，延长整体正压作用时间。受坑道约束作用，温压炸药爆炸火球将与坑道壁面发生相互作用，进而提高铝粉的燃烧烈度。当温压炸药质量立方根与坑道直径的比值大于0.28 kg^1/3/m时，将产生高烈度后燃效应。
- 温压炸药 /
- 坑道内爆炸 /
- 后燃反应 /
- 毁伤元 /
- 约束作用
Abstract: Multiple damage effects can be generated when thermobaric explosives (TBX) detonated inside a tunnel, posing serious threats to people and equipment. Based on the explosion tests with different explosive masses, the explosion characteristics of the TBX detonated inside a tunnel are investigated. The thermal effects of fireball and the propagation law of the shock wave inside the tunnel are analyzed, the reduction degree of oxygen concentration is elucidated as well. Besides, the constraint effect of the tunnel on the afterburning of aluminum powders and the explosive mass conditions for the formation of afterburning effects at high intensity are discussed. It is shown that the radiation brightness of the fireball induced by the TBX is higher than TNT, and the temperature peak of TBX fireball is 1.3 times higher than that of TNT. During the process of fireball evolution, the temperature peak of the TBX fireball in the afterburning stage can increase by more than 10% compared to the temperature peak at the moment when the fireball is just stable. Regarding the propagation law of shock waves, the TNT equivalent coefficients of the overpressure peak and positive pressure time are approximately 1.4 and 1.65, respectively. In addition, the compressive waves generated by the afterburning of aluminum powders can provide various supplementary effects on the propagation of shock wave. The compressive wave with quickly rising process can be benefit for the increase in the pressure peak of the shock wave. In terms of the compressive wave with long duration and slow rising process, it can limit the attenuation of the shock wave and can extend the overall positive pressure time. Due to the constraint effect of the tunnel, the TBX fireball could interact with tunnel walls. As a consequence, the combustion intensity of aluminum powders will be enhanced. When the ratio between the cubic root of the TBX mass and the equivalent tunnel diameter is greater than 0.28 kg^1/3/m, the afterburning effect at high intensity will emerge.
- thermobaric explosive /
- explosion inside the tunnel /
- afterburning /
- damage element /
- restraint affect

HTML全文

图 1 坑道内爆炸试验平面布置图

Figure 1. Layout plan of tunnel experiment

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图 2 坑道截面及内部空间

Figure 2. Section and internal space of the tunnel

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图 3 主要测量仪器设备

Figure 3. Main measuring instruments and equipment

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图 4 不同时刻高速相机拍摄火球辐射亮度（黑色背景）和红外相机拍摄火球温度（蓝色背景）

Figure 4. Fireball radiance (black background) and surface temperature of the fireball (blue background) at different moments

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图 5 火球尺寸随时间变化过程

Figure 5. Size change of fireball with time

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图 6 白色火焰占比随时间的变化过程

Figure 6. Change of white flame with time

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图 7 TBX-0.1kg、TBX-0.3kg、TBX-0.5kg、TBX-1kg的多谱线测温结果

Figure 7. Temperature measured of TBX-0.1kg, TBX-0.3kg, TBX-0.5kg and TBX-1kg by multi-wave lengths

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图 8 坑道内热电偶温度

Figure 8. Temperature inside the tunnel measured by thermocouple

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图 9 TBX-0.1kg、TBX-0.5kg、TBX-1kg坑道内A2截面的氧浓度测试结果

Figure 9. Oxygen measurement of TBX-0.1kg, TBX-0.5kg, TBX-1kg at Section A2

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图 10 TBX-1kg、TNT-1kg坑道内A11截面的氧浓度测试结果

Figure 10. Oxygen measurement of TBX-1kg and TNT-1kg at Section A11

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图 11 近坑道口测点压力曲线

Figure 11. Stress curves of air shock wave near the tunnel entrance

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图 12 坑道内平面波的压力曲线

Figure 12. Pressure curves of plane wave inside the tunnel

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图 13 1 kg TBX、TNT在坑道口内爆炸时，A1（2 m）、A2（4 m）和A3（6 m）测点的压力曲线

Figure 13. Pressure curves of 1kg TBX and TNT at A1 (2 m), A2 (4 m) and A3 (6 m) measuring points

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图 14 1 kg温压炸药在A3(2 m)、A7(4 m)和A11(6 m)测点的空气压力时程曲线

Figure 14. Pressure curves of 1 kg TBX at A3 (2 m), A7 (4 m) and A11 (6 m) measuring points

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图 15 不同距离处的超压峰值

Figure 15. Overpressure peaks at different distances

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图 16 不同距离处的正压时间

Figure 16. Positive pressure times at different distances

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图 17 不同距离的比冲量

Figure 17. Specific impulses at different propagation distances

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图 18 不同药量温压炸药的压力峰值随比例爆距的变化

Figure 18. Change of overpressure peak with scaled distance

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图 19 正压时间随m^1/6x^1/2的变化

Figure 19. Change of positive pressure time with m^1/6x^1/2

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图 20 比冲量随药量的变化

Figure 20. Specific impulses at different charge masses

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图 21 TBX-0.5kg和TBX-1kg在2～6 ms的火球演化过程

Figure 21. Fireball evolution process of TBX-0.5kg and TBX-1kg during 2−6 ms

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图 22 不同药量温压炸药的主要冲击波效应参数和热效应参数

Figure 22. Main parameters of shock wave effect and thermal effect under different charge masses

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表 1 试验工况

Table 1. Test conditions

炸药药量/kg 编号

TBX 0.1 TBX-0.1kg

TBX 0.3 TBX-0.3kg

TBX 0.5 TBX-0.5kg

TBX 1.0 TBX-1kg

TNT 1.0 TNT-1kg

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