An experimental study on ignition and explosion of high-pressure hydrogen jet in open space
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摘要: 采用高速相机和压力传感器，对开放空间中稳态射流氢气点火爆炸初期的火焰行为和超压变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明：在点火爆炸初期，火焰在点火电极处以球形向外扩散；爆炸后4~6 ms，火焰前锋达到最大位移，之后逐渐熄灭，最后形成射流火焰。火焰前锋位移主要受喷嘴直径影响，并随喷嘴直径的增大而增大。火焰宽度的变化规律与火焰前锋位移基本相似。整个爆炸过程仅出现1个超压峰值，正压维持时间约为1 ms。在同一点火距离处，峰值超压随氢气流量的增加而增大。在相同氢气流量下，峰值超压随点火距离的增大而减小。最大峰值超压与氢气流量成正比，与点火距离成反比。Abstract: Experiments were carried out on the flame behaviors and overpressure evolutions at the initial stage of ignition and explosion of steady-state hydrogen jet in open space, while a high-speed camera and pressure transducers were employed to record the flame shape and overpressure. The results show that at the early stage of ignition and explosion, the flame propagated outward from the ignition electrode with a spherical shape. After 4-6 ms, the flame front reached its maximum displacement, gradually extinguished, and finally formed a jet flame. The displacement of the flame front was mainly affected by the nozzle diameter and increased with the nozzle diameter. The variations of flame width were basically similar to those of the flame front displacement. The entire explosion process only experienced one overpressure peak, with a positive pressure maintained for approximately 1 ms. At the same ignition distance, the peak overpressure increased with hydrogen flow rate. At the same hydrogen flow rate, the peak overpressure decreased with increasing ignition distance. The maximum peak overpressure was directly proportional to the hydrogen flow rate and inversely proportional to the ignition distance.
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Key words:
- hydrogen explosion /
- flame front displacement /
- flame width /
- maximum peak overpressure
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图 2 氢气火焰图像处理过程（工况18，p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm）
Figure 2. Image processing of hydrogen flame (case 18, p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm)
图 3 初始阶段火焰演变过程（工况18，p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm）
Figure 3. Evolutions of the flame at the initial stage (case 18, p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm)
图 4 平均体积分数随距离的变化（工况18，p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm）
Figure 4. Variation of mean concentration with distance (case 18, p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm)
图 5 3 ms时氢气火焰前锋的位移和宽度
Figure 5. Displacement and width of hydrogen flame front at 3 ms
图 6 火焰前锋位移和宽度随点火距离的变化
Figure 6. Variations of flame front displacement and width with ignition distance
图 7 超压随时间变化趋势（工况17, p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm）
Figure 7. Evolution of overpressure with time (case 17, p0=0.5 MPa, d=4 mm)
图 8 不同流量下峰值超压随点火距离的变化
Figure 8. Evolution of peak overpressure with ignition distance at different flow rates
图 9 不同点火距离下最大峰值超压随流量的变化
Figure 9. Relation between the flow rate and maximum peak overpressure at different ignition distances
图 10 最大峰值超压与点火距离的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between the maximum peak overpressure and ignition distance
表 1 氢气点火实验参数
Table 1. Experimental parameters of hydrogen ignition
工况 d/mm 点火距离/cm p0/MPa m/（g·s−1） 最大火焰前锋位移/mm $ \bar \varphi $ 1 2 16 0.3 0.78 229.6 0.314 2 2 20 0.3 0.78 199.5 0.254 3 2 30 0.3 0.78 73.5 0.171 4 2 37 0.3 0.78 5 2 16 0.5 1.17 339.5 0.325 6 2 20 0.5 1.17 267.4 0.269 7 2 30 0.5 1.17 147.0 0.188 8 2 37 0.5 1.17 145.6 0.156 9 2 16 0.7 1.56 387.8 0.322 10 2 20 0.7 1.56 338.8 0.282 11 2 30 0.7 1.56 229.6 0.196 12 2 37 0.7 1.56 88.2 0.164 13 3 16 0.5 2.64 350.0 0.449 14 3 20 0.5 2.64 338.1 0.377 15 3 30 0.5 2.64 348.6 0.269 16 3 37 0.5 2.64 264.6 0.224 17 4 16 0.5 4.69 576.5 0.574 18 4 20 0.5 4.69 592.2 0.471 19 4 30 0.5 4.69 321.3 0.342 20 4 37 0.5 4.69 342.3 0.287 
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