Absorption characteristics of methane-air mixture explosion energyby foam metal with a corrugated surface against explosion
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摘要: 为进一步探究气体爆炸荷载下异构迎爆面泡沫金属的吸能特性，在前期开展锯齿结构迎爆面材料吸能特性实验的基础上，以3种波纹结构迎爆面（凸面型、凹面型和凹凸连续型）泡沫金属材料为研究对象，利用自主搭建的气体爆炸管网实验平台，开展了该泡沫金属材料在甲烷-空气混合气体爆炸荷载下的吸能特性测定实验。采用不同波纹结构迎爆面阻隔爆材料，测定了管道内爆炸冲击波超压、火焰传播速度和火焰温度等随时间和空间的变化，分析了不同波纹结构迎爆面阻隔爆材料的吸能效果。结果表明：(1)迎爆面为波纹结构的泡沫金属材料对爆炸超压的衰减效果优于迎爆面为锯齿结构的泡沫金属材料和迎爆面为平面结构的泡沫金属材料，且迎爆面为凸面型波纹结构和凹凸连续型波纹结构的泡沫金属材料对超压衰减的速率高于迎爆面为锯齿结构和凹面型波纹结构的泡沫金属材料；迎爆面为锯齿结构的泡沫金属材料对火焰传播速度的衰减略强于迎爆面为波纹结构和平面结构的泡沫金属材料；迎爆面为波纹结构的泡沫金属材料对火焰温度的衰减效果优于迎爆面为锯齿结构及平面结构的泡沫金属材料。(2)在本文实验条件下，3种波纹结构（凸面型、凹面型和凹凸连续型）迎爆面泡沫金属材料的熄爆参数分别为5.338、4.340和6.090 MPa·℃，低于锯齿结构迎爆面材料的熄爆参数17.680 MPa·℃，且远低于熄爆参数安全值390 MPa·℃，波纹结构迎爆面材料具有良好的防护效果。(3)这3种迎爆面为波纹结构的泡沫金属材料均具有良好的吸能特性，均优于迎爆面为锯齿形结构的泡沫金属材料，且明显优于迎爆面为平面结构的泡沫金属材料。Abstract: To further explore the energy absorption characteristics of the foamed metal with the explosion-facing surface structure different from that of its base subjected to a gas explosion, based on the previous experiments carried on the energy absorption characteristics of serrated structural materials, mixed methane-air explosion energy absorption tests were conducted by using the self-built gas explosion pipe network experimental platform. Three kinds of different corrugated foamed metals were chosen as the explosion-proof materials, and their explosion-facing surfaces took on full convex, full concave, and continuous concave/convex, respectively. The variations of the corresponding typical physical quantities with time and space were measured and analyzed, including explosion shock wave overpressure, flame propagation velocity, and flame temperature. Results are shown as follows. (1) The foamed metals with corrugated structures can reduce explosion overpressure more effectively than the ones with the serrated structure and plane structure, and the foamed metals with fully convex and continuous concave-convex corrugated structures can decrease the explosion shock wave overpressure faster than the ones with serrated and full-concave structures. Additionally, the foamed metals with serrated structures can slow the flame propagation velocity down slightly faster than the ones with the corrugated and plane structures. And the foamed metals with the corrugated structures can weaken the flame temperature more strongly than the ones with the serrated and plane structures. (2) The quenching parameters of the corrugated foam metals whose explosion-facing surfaces taking on full convex, full concave and continuous concave/convex are 5.338, 4.340 and 6.090 MPa·°C, respectively, which are lower than that of the one with the serrated explosion-facing surface 17.680 MPa·°C, and far lower than the safety value 390 MPa·°C, indicating that the foamed metals with the corrugated explosion-facing surface have better explosion-proof capabilities. (3) The energy absorption performances of the foamed metals with the corrugated explosion-facing surfaces are stronger than those of the ones with the serrated explosion-facing surfaces, and are obviously stronger than that of the one with the plane explosion-facing surface. In addition, the foamed metals with the corrugated explosion-facing surfaces can still keep intact after the experiments, displaying that their material strengths are higher than those of the ones with the serrated structures.
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图 3 不同工况爆炸冲击波超压随传播距离的变化
Figure 3. Variation of explosive overpressure with propagation distance under different experimental conditions
图 4 各工况不同测点火焰传播速度变化
Figure 4. Variations of flame propagation velocities obtained by different flame sensors under different experimental conditions
图 5 不同迎爆面阻隔爆材料前后端火焰温度-距离变化
Figure 5. Variations of flame temperature with distancefor different structures
图 6 不同表面结构阻隔爆材料前后端的熄爆参数
Figure 6. Quenching parameters of front and back ends for explosion-resistant materials with different surface structures
表 1 实验材料迎爆面设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of explosion-resistant material surface against explosion
实验 波纹结构 实验材料 体密度/(g·cm−3) 波纹峰高/mm 基材厚度/mm 1 平面 泡沫铁镍 0.5 15 2 凸面 泡沫铁镍 0.5 5 15+5 3 凹面 泡沫铁镍 0.5 5 15−5 4 凹凸连续 泡沫铁镍 0.5 5 15+5 
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表 2 不同工况下超压衰减率和超压下降速率的对比
Table 2. Comparison of overpressure decay ratios and overpressure decrease rates under different experimental conditions
实验 pmax/MPa pi/MPa $\zeta $/% (dp/dt)/(MPa·s−1) 1 0.828 0.446 46.13 20.870 2 0.704 0.021 97.01 39.140 3 0.659 0.019 97.11 35.380 4 0.688 0.020 97.00 41.750
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表 3 不同表面结构阻隔爆材料的火焰温度衰减率和熄爆参数
Table 3. Flame temperature attenuation ratios and quenching parameters for explosion resistant material with different surface structures
实验 T/℃ 温度差/℃ η/% θ1/(MPa·℃) θ2/(MPa·℃) T1 T2 T3 空管 905.661 1157.003 750.996 406.007 35.09 585.443 793.802 1 1127.768 1450.525 428.283 1252.242 70.47 1201.034 191.014 2 1010.970 1298.388 239.050 1059.338 81.59 920.701 5.375 3 1120.109 1569.337 228.472 1340.865 85.44 1034.193 4.340 4 1150.744 1505.753 304.629 1201.124 79.76 1035.958 6.092
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