标准霍普金森压杆配置下的应力波分离及无时限实验数据处理

宋力; 钟东海

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0129

标准霍普金森压杆配置下的应力波分离及无时限实验数据处理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0129

宋力,
钟东海

宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波 315211

详细信息

作者简介:
宋　力（1961－　），男，博士，副教授，songli@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.4
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- 文章访问数: 219
- HTML全文浏览量: 83
- PDF下载量: 171
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-10
- 修回日期: 2023-08-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-12

Stress wave separation based on standard Hopkinson pressure bar set-up and unlimited duration of experiment data processing

Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 在经典一维应力波理论基础上以及试件受力平衡假定成立的条件下，提出了一种在标准霍普金森压杆实验配置下实现杆中左、右行应力波分离的新方法，可简单有效地解决常规霍普金森压杆在长时实验时左、右行波信号重叠的问题，从而保证实验中的全部应变测试数据都可以加以利用，显著提高了霍普金森压杆的测试能力。给出了新的基于杆中左、右行应力波信号的实验数据处理公式。作为霍普金森压杆实验中经典数据处理公式的扩展，在测试信号不需要进行波分离处理的情况下，新的数据处理公式等同于经典公式。利用ABAQUS 有限元软件对霍普金森压杆实验进行了数值模拟，采用虚拟实验的方式，利用模拟测试点的应变信号进行了多种实验条件下的数据处理，对该应力波分离方法的有效性及误差进行了验证与评价。数值模拟结果表明，该应力波分离方法可以给出很好的数据处理结果。在标准霍普金森压杆上进行了部分实验并利用新的波分离方法及公式对数据进行处理，所得结果令人满意。
- 霍普金森压杆 /
- 应力波信号重叠 /
- 应力波分离 /
- 数据处理
Abstract: Based on the classical one-dimensional stress wave theory and the assumption of force equilibrium of the specimen, a new method for separating left-going and right-going stress waves on the standard Hopkinson pressure bar set-up is proposed. It can solve the problem of left-going and right-going stress wave signal overlapping in a standard Hopkinson pressure bar used for a long-duration experiment effectively and with simplicity. By introducing virtual strain measuring points at the specimen end of the incident bar and the free end of the transmission bar, the separation problem of stress waves in each bar which using only one strain gage is transformed into the two-point wave separation problem and then the separation of the left and right traveling stress waves is conveniently accomplished. In principle, this new method allows unlimited duration of test data analysis thus the overall experimental process can be analyzed. It thereby significantly enhances the test ability of the standard Hopkinson pressure bar. New experimental data processing formulas based on the left-going and right-going stress wave signals are presented. They are actually the generalizations of the classical data processing formulas. These new formula are equivalent to the classical formulas when the wave separation processing is unnecessary. Full model simulations of the split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment were carried out on the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element simulation platform. The simulated strain signals at the test positions then are processed in the way of virtual experiment under various experimental conditions. Based on this, the effectiveness and errors are verified or evaluated. The simulation result shows that this new stress wave separation method can give a good data processing result. Some experiments were carried out on a standard Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus with a 1-m-length incident bar and a 1-m-length transmission bar. The new wave separation technique and data process formulas were used. For the 2014 aluminum alloy test, the specimen stress and deformation progresses was clearly captured for the first and second loading process. For the aluminum foam test, a quasi-direct impact technique was used to achieve long-time continuous loading on the specimen and the experiment result was complete, clean and satisfactory.
- Hopkinson pressure bar /
- wave signal overlapping /
- wave separation /
- data processing

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图 1 标准霍普金森压杆装置

Figure 1. A standard Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus

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图 2 入射杆及透射杆上应力波分离方法

Figure 2. Separation of the stress waves in the incident and transmission bar

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图 3 测点及端面位置的左、右行应力波及质点运动

Figure 3. Left-going, right-going waves and the particle motion at the measuring position and end face

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图 4 霍普金森压杆有限元仿真模型

Figure 4. Finite element simulation model of the Hopkinson pressure bar

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图 5 测试信号及杆中应力波分离（$\varnothing $16 mm）

Figure 5. Test signals and the separation of stress waves in the bars ($\varnothing $16 mm)

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图 6 应力-应变及应变率-应变曲线及波分离方法的应力、应变计算误差

Figure 6. Stress-strain and strain rate-strain curves and errors of calculation with wave separation method

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图 7 准直接撞击实验测试信号及应力波分离

Figure 7. Test signal and the wave separation for the quasi-direct impact experiment

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图 8 准直接撞击大变形冲击压缩实验

Figure 8. Quasi-direct impact compression experiment for large deformation

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图 9 实验用分离式霍普金森压杆系统

Figure 9. The split Hopkinson pressure bar device used in the experiment

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图 10 测试信号及应力波分离

Figure 10. Gauge signals and wave separation

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图 11 二次加载应力-应变、应变率-应变曲线及其修正

Figure 11. Stress-strain, strain rate-strain curves and their corrections under secondary loading

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图 12 测试信号及应力波分离

Figure 12. Gauge signal and wave separation

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图 13 准直接撞击加载时的应力-应变、应变率-应变曲线及应力时程

Figure 13. Stress-strain and strain rate-strain curves and stress history under quasi-direct impact loading

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表 1 试件材料常数及J-C模型参数

Table 1. Parameters of materials and J-C model for specimens

材料	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	模量/GPa	泊松比	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	m	T_m/K	T₀/K	C
弹簧钢	7 850	206	0.295
无氧铜	8 960	124	0.340	90	292	0.31	1.09	1 356	298	0.025

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表 2 压杆、试件及整形器的几何参数、单元尺寸及材料

Table 2. Geometries, element sizes and materials of bars, specimens and shaper

部件	直径/mm	长度（厚度）/mm	最大网格尺寸/mm	材料
$\varnothing $16 mm入射、透射杆	16.0	1 000.0	1.00	弹簧钢
$\varnothing $16 mm撞击杆	16.0	300.0	1.00	弹簧钢
$\varnothing $50 mm入射、透射杆	50.0	1 600.0	2.50	弹簧钢
$\varnothing $50 mm撞击杆	50.0	1 600.0	2.50	弹簧钢
无氧铜试件	8.0	6.0	0.80	无氧铜
泡沫铝试件	30.0	15.0	1.50	泡沫铝
脉冲整形片	6.4	0.5, 1.0	0.25	无氧铜

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