Mechanical behavior of cuttlebone structure and its strain rate effect
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摘要: 墨鱼骨是一种墨鱼内部产生的生物矿化壳，通过调节壳内的气液比从而实现墨鱼的深浅浮动，同时满足轻质和高刚度的力学特性，使墨鱼能够很好地适应深海环境，所以墨鱼骨是一种典型的高比刚度的多孔材料。为探究墨鱼骨结构的力学性能，通过Instron材料试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆实验装置，对墨鱼骨在不同加载应变率下的力学行为进行研究。研究结果表明，墨鱼骨在准静态加载下，其应力-应变曲线呈现典型的三阶段变化模式，即弹性段、平台段和压实段，具有很好地吸能缓冲作用；随着加载应变率的提高，墨鱼骨的初始压溃应力和平台应力也随之增加，表明墨鱼骨材料对加载应变率存在很强的敏感性。进一步分析不同生长方向的墨鱼骨在准静态压缩下的力学行为，结果表明随着生长方向的增加，墨鱼骨结构的刚度和吸能性能都得到了弱化，从而揭示了墨鱼骨材料压缩行为的各项异性。Abstract: Cuttlefish bone is a biomineralized shell produced inside the cuttlefish that enables deep and shallow floating by adjusting the gas-liquid ratio. As a typical porous material with high specific stiffness, its light-weight and high rigidity make it well adapted to the deep-sea environment. Consequently, cuttlebone is often mimicked to design biomimetic porous materials with high porosity and high stiffness mechanical properties. However, the mechanical behavior of cuttlebone under dynamic loading is still unclear, which is extremely unfavorable for the dynamic design of cuttlebone. This study delves into an extensive exploration of cuttlebone's mechanical behavior under compressions with different loading strain rates using Instron material testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device. Under quasi-static loading conditions, the compressive stress-strain curves of cuttlebone were obtained and exhibited three typical stages, namely linear elastic stage, long plateau stage and densification stage. The specific energy absorption of cuttlebone calculated from the stress-strain curve is illustrated, showing that cuttlebone has a better energy absorption capability compared with other common bionic structures and porous materials. Under dynamic loading scenarios by using split Hopkinson pressure bar, the dynamic stress strain curves of cuttlebone were obtained at loading strain rates of approximate 400−530 s−1. Both the dynamic initial crushing stress and the plateau stress of cuttlebone exhibited a pronounced escalation with increasing loading strain rates, indicating that the cuttlebone structure is strongly sensitive to the loading strain rate. Furthermore, the mechanical attributes of cuttlebone with respect to different growth directions during quasi-static compression tests were investigated. As the growth direction increased, a discernible decline in both stiffness and energy absorption performance within the cuttlebone structure was observed, thus revealing the anisotropy of the compression behavior of cuttlefish bone. These insights not only deepen the understanding of cuttlebone's mechanical behavior but also offer valuable knowledge that can inform biomimetic and bioinspired engineering designs for a range of applications.
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图 4 加载平台及试件放置示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of loading platform and specimen placement
图 5 当加载应变率为10−3 s−1时不同生长方向墨鱼骨试样的应力-应变曲线
Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of cuttlefish bone specimens with different growth directions under compression strain-rate of 10−3 s−1
图 6 当加载应变率为10−3 s−1时墨鱼骨试样的变形模式
Figure 6. Deformation mode of cuttlefish bone under compression strain-rate of 10−3 s−1
图 7 墨鱼骨试样在不同应变率下的压缩应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. Compressive stress-strain curves of cuttlefish bone specimens under different strain rates
图 8 在加载应变率10−3 s−1条件下墨鱼骨试样的应力-应变曲线和比吸能曲线
Figure 8. Stress-strain curve and specific energy absorption of cuttlefish bone samples under compressive strain-rate of 10−3 s−1
图 9 在加载应变率10−3 s−1条件下墨鱼骨试样的应力-应变曲线和吸能效率曲线
Figure 9. Stress-strain curve and energy absorption efficiency of cuttlefish bone samples under compressive strain-rate of 10−3 s−1
图 10 不同仿生材料的有效比吸能对比
Figure 10. Comparison of effective specific energy absorption of different bio-inspired materials
图 11 直撞式霍普金森杆装置示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar
图 12 不同加载气压下的应变率变化曲线
Figure 12. Variation curves of strain rate under different loading pressure
图 13 不同加载应变率下的墨鱼骨动态应力-应变曲线
Figure 13. Dynamic stress-strain curves of cuttlebone under different loading strain rates
图 15 在不同压缩应变率下墨鱼骨试样的应力-应变曲线
Figure 15. Stress-strain curves of cuttlebone samples under different loading strain rates
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