不同点火方式下HMX基PBX炸药反应演化过程的特征分析

楼建锋; 张树道

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0300

不同点火方式下HMX基PBX炸药反应演化过程的特征分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0300

北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12102063）

详细信息

作者简介:
楼建锋（1980－），男，博士，研究员，jflou@iapcm.ac.cn

中图分类号: O383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-22
- 修回日期: 2023-10-31
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-06

Characteristic analysis of reaction evolution process of HMX-based PBX explosive under different ignition modes

Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 在长管强约束条件下对HMX基PBX炸药点火实验进行了数值模拟，分析了点火方式对炸药反应演化规律的影响，获得了弱冲击点火条件下炸药反应演化过程的特征图像。针对黑火药和雷管2种点火方式，分别构建了PBX炸药黑火药点燃和冲击起爆2类实验的唯象模型和数值模拟方法，通过数值模拟获得了钢管内炸药柱反应演化进程的特征图像，柱壳膨胀历程与实验结果符合较好。研究表明，不同点火方式下炸药反应演化进程存在较大差异。如果使用雷管点火，PBX炸药会在几微秒内发生爆轰反应；而使用黑火药点火，PBX炸药会在数毫秒内从缓慢燃烧转化为剧烈爆炸，但随着壳体破裂解体，管内压力骤降，抑制了反应演化向爆轰转变。黑火药点燃条件下整个反应演化过程可以分为4个主要阶段，其中管壁附近炸药柱表面燃烧传播优先于炸药柱中心基体反应，是弱冲击点火反应演化过程的重要特征之一。
- 点火方式 /
- 非冲击点火 /
- 反应演化 /
- 唯象模型
Abstract: Based on the ignition experiment of HMX-based PBX explosive with long tube and strong constraint condition, numerical simulation is carried out by adopting the evolution growth model of explosive explosion reaction and multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm. The influence of ignition mode on the evolution law of explosive reaction is analyzed, and the characteristic image of explosive reaction evolution process under weak impact ignition condition is also obtained. Phenomenological model and numerical simulation method of PBX explosive ignition experiment under strong constraint conditions are constructed for two ignition modes of black powder and detonator, respectively. The characteristic images of explosive column reaction evolution process in steel pipe are obtained by numerical simulation, and the expansion process of cylinder shell is in good agreement with the experimental result. The study shows that there are great differences in the evolution process of explosive reaction under different ignition modes. If the detonator is used for ignition, the detonation reaction of PBX explosive will occur in a few microseconds; when the black powder is used for ignition while the long tube is strongly constrained, the PBX explosive will change from slow combustion to violent explosion in a few milliseconds. With the cracking and disintegration of the shell, the pressure in the tube will drop sharply, inhibiting the transition to detonation behavior, so the whole reaction evolution process under this ignition mode can be divided into four stages. The combustion propagation on the surface of explosive column near the tube wall takes precedence over the matrix reaction in the center of explosive column, which is an important feature of the evolution process of non-impact ignition reaction. The characteristic image and physical quantity curve obtained in this study reflect the evolution law of explosive reaction under the condition of weak impact ignition, which has important value for deepening the understanding of the hazard risk of explosive charge after accidental ignition.
- ignition mode /
- non-shock ignition /
- reaction evolution /
- phenomenological model

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图 1 不同点火方式下点火阶段的压力曲线

Figure 1. Pressure curves of different ignition modes

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图 2 炸药柱点火实验的计算模型示意图（单位：mm）

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of calculation model of ignition experiment (unit: mm)

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图 3 典型时刻柱壳膨胀图像对比

Figure 3. Comparison of cylindrical shell expansion images at typical time

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图 4 柱壳上5个测点的径向膨胀速度曲线

Figure 4. Radial expansion velocity curves of five measuring points on cylindrical shell

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图 5 炸药柱反应演化过程及柱壳膨胀的计算图像

Figure 5. Simulation images of explosive column reaction evolution process and cylinder shell expansion

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图 6 炸药柱上的典型位置

Figure 6. Typical positions in explosive column

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图 7 炸药柱上典型测点的反应份额变化曲线

Figure 7. Reaction fraction curves of typical points in explosive column

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图 8 炸药柱上典型测点的压力变化曲线

Figure 8. Pressure curves of typical points in explosive column

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图 9 典型时刻柱壳膨胀破坏的实验图像^[6]

Figure 9. Experimental images of expansion failure of cylindrical shell at typical times^[6]

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图 10 钢柱壳上典型测点的径向速度曲线

Figure 10. Radial velocity curves of typical measuring points on cylindrical steel shell

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表 1 炸药的状态方程参数^[12-13]

Table 1. Parameters of equation of state for PBXs^[12-13]

材料 A/GPa B/GPa R₁ R₂ ω c_V/(MPa·K⁻¹)

未反应炸药^[12] 48797 −9.388 10.59 1.62 0.85 2.78

气态产物^[13] 842.04 21.81 4.6 1.35 0.38 1.00

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表 2 炸药燃烧反应增长唯象模型的主要参数

Table 2. The main parameters of the reaction growth model for PBXs

a/(GPa⁻²·μs⁻¹) u v w b/(GPa⁻²·μs⁻¹) x y z f₀

240 0.667 0.277 2.0 337 0.333 1.0 2.0 0.012

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