A study of directional explosion venting characteristics of anti-explosion vessel with a shear pin
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摘要: 为优化机载抗爆容器的结构设计并拓展其工程应用,研究了带剪切销抗爆容器的定向泄压特性。利用LS-DYNA软件建立了内爆载荷下带剪切销抗爆容器的数值模型,开展了容器内爆试验,获得了剪切销临界直径,并验证了模型可靠性,阐明了抗爆容器内冲击波的传播与载荷分布规律,分析并讨论了泄压过程中泄压盖的运动规律,建立了不同泄压盖质量下药量与剪切销直径之间的函数关系,探究了剪切销的临界断裂问题。结果表明:100 g TNT内爆试验得到剪切销临界直径为22 mm, TNT爆炸后冲击波在容器内往复式传播,约3.8 ms时泄压盖冲出容器,5.0 ms时容器底部残存压力约为0.5 MPa;容器底部超压峰值约为144 MPa,罐体与泄压盖交汇形成的角隅处超压峰值约为149 MPa,且罐体在角隅处产生应变增长效应,角隅处成为新的危险点。剪切销的变形断裂过程会影响泄压盖的运动规律,导致泄压盖速度曲线中出现下降段,剪切销直径越大,下降段持续时间越长。TNT药量与剪切销临界直径呈正比,二者的线性关系不受泄压盖质量的影响。Abstract: Once an explosion accident occurs on a civil aviation aircraft, it will cause fatal damage to the aircraft structure. In order to provide a scientific basis for the structural design and engineering application of airborne anti-explosion vessel, the directional explosion venting characteristics of anti-explosion vessel with a shear pin are studied. The structure system is mainly composed of a cylindrical vessel, a venting cover, a shear pin and an aluminum alloy panel. Firstly, the numerical model of the anti-explosion vessel under implosion is established with LS-DYNA. The critical diameter of shear pin was obtained in explosion tests and the effectiveness of the model is verified. Then, the propagation of shock wave and distribution of blast loading in the anti-explosion vessel are elucidated by analyzing the distribution of explosion flow field and changes in shock wave pressure. Meanwhile, the motion law of venting cover during the process of explosion venting is studied by varying the TNT charge mass and shear pin diameter. Finally, a functional relationship between the charge weight and shear pin diameter is established with different venting cover masses, to investigate the critical fracture issue of the shear pin. The results show that the critical diameter of the shear pin is found to be 22 mm through 100 g TNT internal explosion tests. Following the TNT explosion, the shock wave propagates reciprocally in the vessel. At approximately 3.8 ms, the venting cover is ejected from the vessel, while the residual pressure at the bottom of the vessel is approximately 0.5 MPa at 5 ms. During the explosion venting process, the peak overpressure at the bottom of the vessel is about 144 MPa, and the peak overpressure at the corner formed by the intersection of the vessel wall and the venting cover is about 149 MPa. Moreover, the vessel wall experiences strain growth at the corner, where it becomes a new critical point of failure. The deformation and fracture process of the shear pin can influence the motion characteristics of the venting cover, resulting in a decrease in the velocity curve. Therefore, the duration of the decreasing segment in the velocity curve is directly proportional to the diameter of the shear pin, with larger diameters leading to longer durations. The inertia of the venting cover and the stiffness of the shear pin are the main reasons for the fluctuation of the velocity of the venting cover during the explosion venting process. The TNT mass and the critical diameter of shear pin displays a proportional relationship. However, the change of the venting cover mass does not affect the linear relationship between the critical diameter and the TNT mass.
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Key words:
- anti-explosion vessel /
- explosion venting /
- shear pin /
- blast wave /
- failure behavior
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ρ/(kg·m−3) E/GPa μ A/GPa B/GPa n C m $ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s−1 TF/℃ T0/℃ 塑性失效应变 7.80×103 199 0.33 0.855 0.448 0.14 0.0137 0.63 0.001 1440 20 0.21 ρ/(kg·m−3) E/GPa μ A/GPa B/GPa n C m $ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s−1 TF/℃ T0/℃ 4.43×103 109 0.34 0.86 0.683 0.47 0.035 1 0.001 1620 20 ρ/(kg·m−3) E/GPa μ σ0/GPa Etan/GPa β 2.83×103 71.7 0.33 0.469 0.815 1 ρ/(kg·m−3) E/GPa μ σ0/GPa Etan/GPa β 塑性失效应变 2.78×103 72.4 0.33 0.29 0.7 1 0.3 ρ/(kg·m−3) E/GPa μ σ0/GPa Eh/GPa 7.85×103 210 0.3 0.64 1.6 A1/GPa B1/GPa R1 R2 ω E0/GPa V ρ/(g·cm−3) D/(m·s−1) pCJ/GPa 371.20 3.23 4.15 0.95 0.30 7 1 1.63 6930 21 表 7 空气的状态方程参数
Table 7. EOS parameters of air
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 E1/(J·m−3) V 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 2.533×105 1 表 8 试验工况及试验结果
Table 8. Experimental conditions and results
试验
编号TNT药量/g 剪切销凹槽处
直径/mm剪切销
是否断裂1 100 22.0 是 2 100 22.0 是 3 100 22.0 是 4 100 23.0 否 5 42 14.5 否 6 44 14.5 是 7 44 14.5 是 8 44 14.5 是 表 9 不同剪切销临界直径下泄压盖的运动参数
Table 9. Motion parameters of venting cover under different critical diameters of shear pin
工况 剪切销断裂
时刻/ms泄压盖速度
峰值/(m·s−1)泄压盖速度
谷值/(m·s−1)泄压盖动能
峰值/JTNT内能/kJ 泄压盖动能峰值占TNT
内能比值/%40.0 g-13 mm 0.58 7.31 0.15 100.19 171.77 0.06 56.1 g-16 mm 0.56 10.32 1.11 199.69 240.91 0.08 76.2 g-19 mm 0.52 13.01 1.86 317.36 327.22 0.10 100.0 g-22 mm 0.50 16.18 1.47 490.86 429.43 0.11 126.0 g-25 mm 0.47 20.33 2.25 774.95 541.08 0.14 -
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