带剪切销抗爆容器定向泄压特性研究

解江; 潘汉源; 蒋逸伦; 杨祥; 李漩; 郭德龙; 冯振宇

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0321

带剪切销抗爆容器定向泄压特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0321

1.
中国民航大学科技创新研究院，天津 300300
2.
中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300
3.
中国商用飞机有限责任公司上海飞机设计研究院，上海 200000
4.
北京理工大学机电学院，北京 100081

详细信息

作者简介:
解　江（1982－　），男，博士，教授，xiejiang5@126.com

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-06
- 修回日期: 2024-03-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-15

A study of directional explosion venting characteristics of anti-explosion vessel with a shear pin

1.
Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
3.
COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
4.
School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为优化机载抗爆容器的结构设计并拓展其工程应用，研究了带剪切销抗爆容器的定向泄压特性。利用LS-DYNA软件建立了内爆载荷下带剪切销抗爆容器的数值模型，开展了容器内爆试验，获得了剪切销临界直径，并验证了模型可靠性，阐明了抗爆容器内冲击波的传播与载荷分布规律，分析并讨论了泄压过程中泄压盖的运动规律，建立了不同泄压盖质量下药量与剪切销直径之间的函数关系，探究了剪切销的临界断裂问题。结果表明：100 g TNT内爆试验得到剪切销临界直径为22 mm， TNT爆炸后冲击波在容器内往复式传播，约3.8 ms时泄压盖冲出容器，5.0 ms时容器底部残存压力约为0.5 MPa；容器底部超压峰值约为144 MPa，罐体与泄压盖交汇形成的角隅处超压峰值约为149 MPa，且罐体在角隅处产生应变增长效应，角隅处成为新的危险点。剪切销的变形断裂过程会影响泄压盖的运动规律，导致泄压盖速度曲线中出现下降段，剪切销直径越大，下降段持续时间越长。TNT药量与剪切销临界直径呈正比，二者的线性关系不受泄压盖质量的影响。
- 抗爆容器 /
- 泄压 /
- 剪切销 /
- 冲击波 /
- 失效行为
Abstract: Once an explosion accident occurs on a civil aviation aircraft, it will cause fatal damage to the aircraft structure. In order to provide a scientific basis for the structural design and engineering application of airborne anti-explosion vessel, the directional explosion venting characteristics of anti-explosion vessel with a shear pin are studied. The structure system is mainly composed of a cylindrical vessel, a venting cover, a shear pin and an aluminum alloy panel. Firstly, the numerical model of the anti-explosion vessel under implosion is established with LS-DYNA. The critical diameter of shear pin was obtained in explosion tests and the effectiveness of the model is verified. Then, the propagation of shock wave and distribution of blast loading in the anti-explosion vessel are elucidated by analyzing the distribution of explosion flow field and changes in shock wave pressure. Meanwhile, the motion law of venting cover during the process of explosion venting is studied by varying the TNT charge mass and shear pin diameter. Finally, a functional relationship between the charge weight and shear pin diameter is established with different venting cover masses, to investigate the critical fracture issue of the shear pin. The results show that the critical diameter of the shear pin is found to be 22 mm through 100 g TNT internal explosion tests. Following the TNT explosion, the shock wave propagates reciprocally in the vessel. At approximately 3.8 ms, the venting cover is ejected from the vessel, while the residual pressure at the bottom of the vessel is approximately 0.5 MPa at 5 ms. During the explosion venting process, the peak overpressure at the bottom of the vessel is about 144 MPa, and the peak overpressure at the corner formed by the intersection of the vessel wall and the venting cover is about 149 MPa. Moreover, the vessel wall experiences strain growth at the corner, where it becomes a new critical point of failure. The deformation and fracture process of the shear pin can influence the motion characteristics of the venting cover, resulting in a decrease in the velocity curve. Therefore, the duration of the decreasing segment in the velocity curve is directly proportional to the diameter of the shear pin, with larger diameters leading to longer durations. The inertia of the venting cover and the stiffness of the shear pin are the main reasons for the fluctuation of the velocity of the venting cover during the explosion venting process. The TNT mass and the critical diameter of shear pin displays a proportional relationship. However, the change of the venting cover mass does not affect the linear relationship between the critical diameter and the TNT mass.
- anti-explosion vessel /
- explosion venting /
- shear pin /
- blast wave /
- failure behavior

HTML全文

图 1 AC 25.795-6中最小风险炸弹位置选择区域的尺寸^[2]

Figure 1. The size of the LRBL in AC 25.795-6^[2]

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图 2 泄压过程示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of explosion venting process

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图 3 带剪切销抗爆容器的几何模型

Figure 3. Geometric model of anti-explosion vessel with shear pin

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图 4 带剪切销抗爆容器有限元模型的三维剖面图

Figure 4. Three-dimensional profile of finite element model of anti-explosion vessel with shear pin

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图 5 螺栓与平板的连接细节（左）和单个梁单元螺栓的模型细节（右）

Figure 5. Joint details between bolt and panel (left) and model details of single beam element bolt (right)

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图 6 试验装置实物图

Figure 6. Photos of experiment device

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图 7 抗爆容器内部的装药方式

Figure 7. Charge method in the anti-explosion vessel

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图 8 凹槽处剪切销横截面的最大剪应力云图

Figure 8. The maximum shear stress distribution of the shear pin cross section at the groove

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图 9 起爆药量为100 g时直径为22和23 mm的剪切销的断裂情况

Figure 9. The fracture of shear pins with diameter of 22 and 23 mm with the TNT mass of 100 g

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图 10 剪切销直径为22 mm、起爆药量为100 g时剪切销与铝合金平板的失效形貌

Figure 10. Failure morphology of shear pin and aluminum alloy panel with shear pin diameter of 22 mm and TNT mass of 100 g

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图 11 剪切销直径为23 mm、起爆药量为100 g时铝合金平板的最终形貌

Figure 11. Final morphology of aluminum alloy panel with shear pin diameter of 23 mm and TNT mass of 100 g

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图 12 剪切销剪断后凹槽处的横截面失效形貌

Figure 12. Failure morphology of cross section at the groove of shear pin

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图 13 起爆药量为100 g时铝合金平板的失效形貌

Figure 13. Failure morphology of aluminum alloy panel with the TNT mass of 100 g

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图 14 不同时刻下抗爆容器内部压力云图

Figure 14. Internal pressure distribution of anti-explosion vessel at different times

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图 15 罐体结构4个典型位置处的超压-时间曲线

Figure 15. Pressure-time curves obtained at four typical locations of vessel structure

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图 16 罐体结构点I处测得的应变时程曲线

Figure 16. Strain-time curves measured at the point I of the vessel structure

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图 17 剪切销直径为19 mm时不同起爆药量下的泄压盖速度

Figure 17. Venting cover velocity under different TNT mass when the diameter of shear pin is 19 mm

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图 18 0.16 ms时不同起爆药量下剪切销凹槽处横截面的剪切应力云图

Figure 18. Shear stress distribution of cross section at the groove of shear pin at 0.16 ms under different TNT mass

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图 19 100 g TNT药量、不同剪切销直径下泄压盖速度时程曲线

Figure 19. Time history curves of venting cover velocity under 100 g TNT mass and different shear pin diameters

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图 20 剪切销临界直径、TNT药量变化与剪切销断裂吸能之间的关系

Figure 20. The relationship among critical diameter of shear pin, the TNT mass and eroded internal energy

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图 21 不同剪切销临界直径下的泄压盖速度时程曲线

Figure 21. Time history curves of venting cover velocity under different critical diameters of shear pin

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图 22 不同泄压盖质量下剪切销临界直径与TNT药量的关系

Figure 22. The relationship between critical diameter of shear pin and the TNT mass under different mass of cover

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表 1 15-5PH的材料参数^[25,26]

Table 1. Material parameters of 15-5PH^[25,26]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	μ	A/GPa	B/GPa	n	C	m	$ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s⁻¹	T_F/℃	T₀/℃	塑性失效应变
7.80×10³	199	0.33	0.855	0.448	0.14	0.0137	0.63	0.001	1440	20	0.21

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表 2 Ti6Al4V的材料参数^[27-29]

Table 2. Material parameters of Ti6Al4V^[27-29]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	μ	A/GPa	B/GPa	n	C	m	$ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s⁻¹	T_F/℃	T₀/℃
4.43×10³	109	0.34	0.86	0.683	0.47	0.035	1	0.001	1620	20

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表 3 7050-T7451材料参数^[30]

Table 3. Material parameters of 7050-T7451^[30]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	μ	σ₀/GPa	E_tan/GPa	β
2.83×10³	71.7	0.33	0.469	0.815	1

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表 4 2024-T3材料参数^[7]

Table 4. Material parameters of 2024-T3^[7]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	μ	σ₀/GPa	E_tan/GPa	β	塑性失效应变
2.78×10³	72.4	0.33	0.29	0.7	1	0.3

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表 5 螺栓材料参数^[22]

Table 5. Material parameters of bolt^[22]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	μ	σ₀/GPa	E_h/GPa
7.85×10³	210	0.3	0.64	1.6

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表 6 TNT材料模型^[33]

Table 6. Material parameters of TNT^[33]

A₁/GPa	B₁/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa	V	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa
371.20	3.23	4.15	0.95	0.30	7	1	1.63	6930	21

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表 7 空气的状态方程参数

Table 7. EOS parameters of air

C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	E₁/(J·m⁻³)	V
0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	2.533×10⁵	1

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表 8 试验工况及试验结果

Table 8. Experimental conditions and results

试验编号	TNT药量/g	剪切销凹槽处直径/mm	剪切销是否断裂
1	100	22.0	是
2	100	22.0	是
3	100	22.0	是
4	100	23.0	否
5	42	14.5	否
6	44	14.5	是
7	44	14.5	是
8	44	14.5	是

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表 9 不同剪切销临界直径下泄压盖的运动参数

Table 9. Motion parameters of venting cover under different critical diameters of shear pin

工况	剪切销断裂时刻/ms	泄压盖速度峰值/(m·s⁻¹)	泄压盖速度谷值/(m·s⁻¹)	泄压盖动能峰值/J	TNT内能/kJ	泄压盖动能峰值占TNT 内能比值/%
40.0 g-13 mm	0.58	7.31	0.15	100.19	171.77	0.06
56.1 g-16 mm	0.56	10.32	1.11	199.69	240.91	0.08
76.2 g-19 mm	0.52	13.01	1.86	317.36	327.22	0.10
100.0 g-22 mm	0.50	16.18	1.47	490.86	429.43	0.11
126.0 g-25 mm	0.47	20.33	2.25	774.95	541.08	0.14

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