舰艇水下爆炸破损分布特性

孙赫; 闫明; 杜志鹏; 张磊

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0370

舰艇水下爆炸破损分布特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0370

孙赫^{1, 2,},
闫明¹,
杜志鹏^2, ,,
张磊²

1.
沈阳工业大学机械工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110870
2.
海军研究院，北京 100161

基金项目: 军科委基础加强计划技术领域基金（2020-JCJQ-JJ-142）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙　赫（1999－　），男，硕士，2429965232@qq.com

通讯作者:
杜志鹏（1977－　），男，博士，高级工程师，duzp7755@163.com

中图分类号: O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 146
- HTML全文浏览量: 65
- PDF下载量: 81
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-10
- 修回日期: 2024-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-18

Distribution characteristics of underwater explosion damage to ships

SUN He^{1, 2
,},
YAN Ming¹,
DU Zhipeng^{2
, ,},
ZHANG Lei²

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, Liaoning, China
2.
Naval Academy, Beijing 100161, China

摘要

摘要: 舰艇在作战过程中受到武器攻击，从爆炸产生的破口持续多向进水，影响舰艇的不沉性。为了探究水下爆炸破损分布特性，开展了驳船近场水下爆炸试验，利用声固耦合法计算了冲击波与气泡射流载荷联合作用下全船结构的毁伤，得到整船塑性变形区域的凹陷深度为85 cm，L形破口宽30 cm，破口面积为0.2 m²。对比了试验和仿真数据，计算破口尺寸的相对误差小于20%，破口位置吻合较好，验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型进行了不同爆距下爆炸仿真计算，提出了驳船在近场水下爆炸载荷作用下的分布式损伤模式，明确了舰船结构的毁伤除整体折断和局部大型破口外还有广泛分布的小裂缝存在于舱壁、舷侧外板等部位。随着冲击因子从5.74减小至1.91，舱底破口尺寸减小，舱内裂缝增多；当冲击因子在1.91~2.87之间时，舱底破损为分散式的小型破口。舷侧、舱壁与舱底的连接处为薄弱部位，小裂缝分布较多，在舰艇设计过程中可重点加强防护。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 模型试验 /
- 声固耦合 /
- 破损分布 /
- 损伤模式
Abstract: Underwater explosions pose a significant threat to ships and other waterborne structures, jeopardizing their integrity and combat readiness. When ships are subjected to attacks by underwater weapons such as torpedoes or mines, the resulted explosions propagate in multiple directions through the water, severely compromising the ability of the ship to remain afloat. To investigate the distribution characteristics of underwater explosion damage, a real-scale near-field underwater explosion test on a ship was conducted. The test results were analyzed focusing on the acceleration and strain measurements along the length of the ship. An acoustic-solid coupling method was employed to assess the cumulative shock wave and bubble jet load on the entire ship structure. The analysis reveals that the plastically deformed area of the ship exhibited a depression depth of 85 cm, with an L-shaped breach width of 30 cm and an area of 0.2 m². The model was validated by comparing the experimental and simulation data, with breach size discrepancies below 20% and breach location alignment. Then, simulation calculations at varying blast distances were conducted to examine structural damage distribution patterns. A distributed damage pattern was identified to indicate not only overall structural fractures but also widespread small cracks in bulkheads and outer plate sections. As the impact factor decreases from 5.84 to 1.91, the bilge breach size reduces, alongside a decrease in overall breach size. This reduction validates the accuracy of the model. This model was further used to conduct explosion simulation calculations under different blast distances, and a distributed damage model of the barge under the near-field underwater explosion load was proposed. It is clarified that in addition to overall fracture and local large-scale breaches, the damage to the ship structure also occurs. There are widely distributed small cracks in bulkheads, side outer plating and other parts. When the impact factor decreases from 5.74 to 1.91, the size of the bilge breach decreases and the number of cracks in the cabin increases. When the impact factor is between 1.91 and 2.87, and the bilge damage is scattered small breaches. The connections between the sides, bulkheads and bilges are weak points with many small cracks, so protection can be focused on those weak points during the ship design process.
- underwater explosion /
- model test /
- acoustic-solid coupling /
- damage distribution /
- failure mode

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图 1 近场水下爆炸有限元模型

Figure 1. A finite element model for near-field underwater explosions

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图 2 不同网格尺寸下结构动能随时间的变化

Figure 2. Structural kinetic energy varying with timeunder different mesh sizes

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图 3 驳船舱室分布

Figure 3. Barge cabin distribution

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图 4 漂浮状态下实船模型

Figure 4. A real ship model in a floating state

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图 5 驳船近场水下爆炸试验工况

Figure 5. The near-field underwater explosion condition of the barge

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图 6 驳船整体变形

Figure 6. Overall deformation of the barge

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图 7 驳船上甲板A1、A2、A3加速度时域曲线

Figure 7. Acceleration time-domain profiles of measurement points A1, A2, and A3 at the upper deck of the barge

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图 8 驳船沿船长方向的应变^[21]

Figure 8. Barge strain in the direction of the captain^[21]

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图 9 近场水下爆炸后驳船舱底的毁伤结果

Figure 9. Barge bilge damage results after near-field underwater explosion

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图 10 试验舱底破坏示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagrams of test chamber bilge damage

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图 11 仿真舱底破坏示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of simulated bilge damage

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图 12 简支加筋混凝土矩形板的破坏模式^[22]

Figure 12. Failure modes of simply supported reinforced concrete rectangular slabs^[22]

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图 13 驳船舱室破坏示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of barge compartment damage

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图 14 支撑立柱破坏结果

Figure 14. Damage of the support column

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图 15 立柱测点压力时域曲线

Figure 15. Time-domain curve of pressure at column measurement point

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图 16 近场水下爆炸后驳船舷侧毁伤结果

Figure 16. Barge side damage results after a near-field underwater explosion

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图 17 驳船运动示意图

Figure 17. Schematic diagram of barge movement

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图 18 纵舱壁整体毁伤结果

Figure 18. Results of the overall destruction of the longitudinal bulkhead

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图 19 纵舱壁局部毁伤结果

Figure 19. Results of localized damage to the longitudinal bulkhead

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图 20 驳船运动过程^[21]

Figure 20. Barge movement process^[21]

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图 21 上甲板毁伤结果^[21]

Figure 21. Upper deck damage results^[21]

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图 22 试验工况下驳船破损分布示意图

Figure 22. Schematic diagram of the damage distribution of the barge under test conditions

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图 23 不同爆距下舱底毁伤的模拟结果

Figure 23. Simulated results of damage in the bilge with different blasting distances

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图 24 不同爆距下舱壁毁伤的模拟结果

Figure 24. Simulated results of damage in the bulkhead with different blasting distances

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图 25 不同爆距下舷侧毁伤的模拟结果

Figure 25. Simulated results of damage in the port-side with different blasting distances

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表 1 Q235钢材料参数^[20]

Table 1. Material parameters of Q235 steel^[20]

屈服应力/MPa 塑性应变应变率/s⁻¹

235 0 0
315 0.3 0
517 0 100
825 0.3 100
851 0 5000
1358 0.3 5000

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表 2 计算工况

Table 2. Working conditions for calculation

工况 TNT当量/kg 爆距/m 冲击因子

1 33 1 5.74
2 33 2 2.87
3 33 3 1.91

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