交错起爆下爆炸应力波的碰撞机制与破岩效果

范勇; 郭一鸣; 冷振东; 杨广栋; 田斌

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0391

交错起爆下爆炸应力波的碰撞机制与破岩效果

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0391

范勇^{1, 2,},
郭一鸣^{1, 2},
冷振东^{1, 2, 3, ,},
杨广栋^{1, 2},
田斌^{1, 2}

1.
三峡大学湖北省水电工程施工与管理重点实验室，湖北宜昌 443002
2.
三峡大学水利与环境学院，湖北宜昌 443002
3.
中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司，重庆 401121

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52379128，51979152）；湖北省自然科学基金杰青项目（2023AFA048）

详细信息

作者简介:
范　勇（1988－　），男，博士，教授，yfan@ctgu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
冷振东（1989－　），男，博士，研究员，正高级工程师，zdleng@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 204
- HTML全文浏览量: 60
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-30
- 修回日期: 2024-01-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-18

Collision mechanism and rock-breaking effect of explosive stress waves induced by staggered initiation

FAN Yong^{1, 2
,},
GUO Yiming^{1, 2},
LENG Zhendong^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
YANG Guangdong^{1, 2},
TIAN Bin^{1, 2}

1.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
2.
College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
3.
China Gezhouba Group Explosive Co. Ltd., Chongqing 401121, China

摘要

摘要: 对双孔交错起爆方式下孔间爆炸应力波的碰撞机制和破岩效果开展了研究，基于应力波正、斜碰撞理论研究了孔间爆炸应力波的相互作用机制，证明了双孔交错起爆方式下孔间应力波碰撞引起的应力增强效应；借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元程序中岩石的RHT模型和炸药的JWL状态方程，模拟了交错、孔底和孔口起爆方式下孔间应力波的大小和破岩效果；最后，结合现场试验对比分析了不同起爆方式下爆炸应力波的相互作用及含砾石岩体的破碎块度分布特征。结果表明：双孔交错起爆下两应力波首先在孔间正碰撞，碰撞后的压力与应力波稳定传播时的压力比为2.4；当入射角在0°~44°区间时，应力波斜碰撞，压力比由4.1降至2.3；当入射角处于44°~90°区间时，应力波发生马赫反射，压力比由3.5降至1.0。交错、孔底起爆方式下，爆破块度尺寸小于250 mm的比例分别为25.5%和20.9%，爆破块度尺寸大于750 mm的比例分别为9.2%和17.5%。双孔交错起爆引起的应力波碰撞增强效应可有效改善含砾石岩体的钻孔爆破破碎效果。
- 交错起爆 /
- 孔底起爆 /
- 孔口起爆 /
- 应力波碰撞 /
- 爆破破岩
Abstract: Different initiation methods directly determine the stress wave propagation and explosion energy transmission law caused by drilling and blasting, thus affecting the effect of rock fragmentations. In this paper, the collision mechanism of stress waves and rock fragmentation characteristics induced by blasting with different initiation methods were studied. Based on the theory of frontal and oblique collision of stress waves, the interaction mechanism of stress waves between holes was studied to prove the stress enhancement effect caused by wave collision under the staggered initiation mode. Using the RHT model for rock and JWL state equation for explosive in the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the magnitude of stress waves between holes and the rock fragmentation characteristics were simulated under the staggered, bottom and top initiation modes. Finally, combined with on-site experiments, the interaction of stress waves and the characteristics of fragmentation distribution for blasting of rock mass containing gravel under different initiation modes were compared and analysed. Results show that under the staggered initiation mode, a frontal collision of stress waves happens at the midpoint between two holes, and the pressure after the collision is 2.4 times that of the stable propagation of the stress wave. An oblique collision occurs between 0° and 44°, and the ratio of collision pressure to the stable pressure ranges from 4.1 to 2.3. Mach reflection occurs between 44° and 90°, and the ratio of collision pressure to the stable pressure ranges from 3.5 to 1. The rates of rock fragmentations with a size less than 250 mm under staggered and bottom initiation modes are 25.5% and 20.9%, respectively. The rates of rock fragmentations with a size larger than 750 mm under staggered and bottom initiation modes are 9.2% and 17.5%, respectively. The stress enhancement effect caused by wave collision under the staggered initiation mode can significantly improve the blasting fragmentation of rock mass containing gravel.
- staggered initiation /
- bottom initiation /
- top initiation /
- stress wave collision /
- blasting fragmentation

HTML全文

图 1 双孔交错起爆下孔间爆炸应力波的碰撞示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of collision of explosive stress waves between the holes under staggered initiation of double holes

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图 2 应力波正反射示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the positive reflection of a stress wave

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图 3 应力波斜碰撞示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of oblique collision of stress waves

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图 4 应力波偏转角和反射角与入射角度的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between the angles of deflection and reflection of a stress wave and the angle of incidence

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图 5 压力比与入射角的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between the burst pressure ratioand the angle of incidence

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图 6 含椭球砾石的岩体模型（单位：m）

Figure 6. Model of ellipsoid-bearing conglomerate body (unit: m)

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图 7 不同起爆方式下孔间爆破损伤分布特征

Figure 7. Characteristics of inter-hole blasting damage distribution under different initiation methods

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图 8 不同起爆方式下孔间椭球砾石的爆破损伤分布特征

Figure 8. Characteristics of blasting damage distribution of inter-hole ellipsoidal gravel under different initiation methods

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图 9 不同起爆方式下孔间椭球砾石的爆压时程曲线

Figure 9. Time dependent burst pressure curves of inter-hole ellipsoidal gravel under different initiation methods

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图 10 不同起爆方式下孔间椭球砾石的爆破破碎块度分布

Figure 10. Inter-hole ellipsoidal gravel blasting fracture block size distribution under different initiation methods

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图 11 含砾石的太和铁矿

Figure 11. Gravel-bearing Taihe iron ore

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图 12 现场试验及仪器布置 (单位：m)

Figure 12. Field test and instrumentation layout (unit: m)

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图 13 爆破后砾石的形态 (单位：m)

Figure 13. Gravel morphology after blasting (unit: m)

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图 14 不同起爆方式下的爆压时程曲线

Figure 14. Burst pressure-time curves for different initiation methods

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图 15 不同起爆方式下的爆破块度分布

Figure 15. Blast block size distribution by different initiation methods

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图 16 不同起爆方式爆破后爆堆形态

Figure 16. Morphology of the blast pile after blasting with different initiation methods

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表 1 岩石和砾石的RHT主要参数

Table 1. Main RHT parameters of rock and gravel

材料	f_c/MPa	ρ_p/（kg·m⁻³）	α₀	α_P	$ f\mathrm{_t^{*}} $	$ f\mathrm{_s^{*}} $	G_el/GPa	p_cr/MPa	p_co/GPa	$\dot \varepsilon_{0\mathrm{C}} $/s⁻¹	$ \dot \varepsilon\mathrm{_{0T}} $/s⁻¹	$ \dot\varepsilon_{\mathrm{C}} $/s⁻¹
岩石	64	2500	1.2	3	0.06	0.25	12	60	9	3×10⁻⁵	3×10⁻⁶	3×10²⁵
砾石	116	2800	1.05	3	0.04	0.25	12	60	9	3×10⁻⁵	3×10⁻⁶	3×10²⁵

材料	$ \dot \varepsilon_{\mathrm{T}} $/s⁻¹	ε_ero	A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa	B₀	B₁	T₁/GPa	T₂/GPa	A	N	Q₀
岩石	3×10²⁵	2	40	57.6	23.6	1.22	1.22	40	0	1.6	0.61	0.68
砾石	3×10²⁵	2	40	57.6	23.6	1.22	1.22	40	0	1.6	0.61	0.68

材料	B	α	β	G_c*	G_t*	x	D₁	D₂	ε_min	A_f	N_f
岩石	0.0105	0.026	0.031	0.53	0.7	0.5	0.02	1	0.010	1.6	0.61
砾石	0.0105	0.026	0.031	0.53	0.7	0.5	0.02	1	0.008	1.6	0.61

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表 2 炸药模型参数

Table 2. Explosive model parameters

ρ_J/（kg·m⁻³）	v_J/（m·s⁻¹）	p_CJ/GPa	A_J/GPa	B_J/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/（kJ·m⁻³）
0.931	4160	5.15	49.46	1.891	3.907	1.118	0.333	3.87

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