大口径锥头弹体高速倾斜入水偏转规律数值模拟

陈建良; 杨璞; 李继承; 陈刚; 邓宏见; 范志庚

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0398

大口径锥头弹体高速倾斜入水偏转规律数值模拟

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0398

陈建良^{1, 2,},
杨璞^{1, 2},
李继承^{1, 2},
陈刚^{1, 2, ,},
邓宏见^{1, 2},
范志庚^{1, 2}

1.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 四川省自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金（2023NSFSC1913）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈建良（1991－　），男，硕士，工程师，chen729@caep.cn

通讯作者:
陈　刚（1971－　），男，博士，研究员，chengang@caep.cn

中图分类号: O353.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 220
- HTML全文浏览量: 51
- PDF下载量: 125
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-02
- 修回日期: 2023-12-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-04
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-15

Numerical simulation on the deflection behavior of large caliber conical nose projectile at oblique high-speed water entry

CHEN Jianliang^{1, 2
,},
YANG Pu^{1, 2},
LI Jicheng^{1, 2},
CHEN Gang^{1, 2
, ,},
DENG Hongjian^{1, 2},
FAN Zhigeng^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 结合某大口径锥头弹体高速倾斜入水试验，采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉（arbitrary Lagrange-Euler，ALE）流固耦合方法对弹体倾斜入水偏转行为进行数值模拟，研究了弹体以500 m/s高速倾斜入水过程中不同受力模式、载荷变化特征以及弹体发生偏转的力学机理，分析了入水角度对弹体偏转规律的影响。结果表明：在俯仰力矩作用下，弹体均发生抬头方向偏转，且偏转速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势，偏转程度在不同入水角度范围内呈现不同的变化趋势。当入水角度小于15°时，弹体会发生“跳弹”现象；当入水角度为30°~60°时，弹体偏转趋势基本一致，均由初始倾斜状态逐渐转动至水平状态、竖直状态并最终以弹头入水反方向的“出水”姿态向水下运动；当入水角度为75°时，弹体转动至水平状态后，并未继续偏转至竖直状态，弹头以朝斜上方的姿态向水下运动；弹体的入水侵深随入水角度的增大而增大，且增大趋势近似满足指数函数关系。
- 大口径锥头弹体 /
- 高速倾斜入水 /
- 受力模式 /
- 入水角度
Abstract: Integrated with a high-velocity oblique water entry test of a large caliber conical nose projectile, the deflection behavior of the projectile obliquely entering water was studied based on the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) fluid-structure coupling method. Firstly, based on the experiment of a projectile impacting an inclined water tank at a high velocity, a finite element model was established to simulate the corresponding response characteristics, and the rationality of the numerical model and related method was verified. Secondly, the variation of the contact force mode and load characteristics of the projectile when the water entry velocity was 500 m/s was analyzed, and the corresponding mechanism was discussed. In addition, the influence of water entry angle on the deflection behavior of the projectile was investigated. The related analysis demonstrates that the projectile will deflect upward due to the effect of pitch moment, and the deflection velocity increases first and then decreases gradually during the entry process. The variation trends of deflection degrees are different within different entry angle ranges. When the entry angle is less than 15º, the projectile jumps usually out of the water. When the entry angle is in the range from 30º to 60º, the deflection trend of the projectile is almost the same, i.e., the projectile rotates from the initial tilted state to a horizontal state, then to a vertical state, and moves finally downwards with its nose in the opposite direction to the initial water entry direction. When the entry angle increases to 75º, the projectile cannot continue to rotate to a vertical state after it rotates to a horizontal state, but instead moves downwards in a tilted state with its nose facing upwards. Under different water entry angles, the axial force exerted on the projectile is negative, leading to a continuous decrease in the projectile velocity. Comparatively, the transverse force is positive, and the peak value decreases with increasing water entry angle. Moreover, the penetration depth of the projectile increases with the increase of entry angle, and it almost shows an exponential relationship.
- large caliber conical nose projectile /
- high-velocity oblique water entry /
- contact force mode /
- entry angle

HTML全文

图 1 弹体和靶体有限元几何模型

Figure 1. Finite element models of the projectile and target

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 弹体斜入水角度定义

Figure 2. Definition of inclined angle for oblique water entry of projectile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 试验系统示意图（正视图）

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the test system (front view)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 试验弹体及水箱的有限元模型（正视图）

Figure 4. Finite element models of the projectile and water tank (front view)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 弹体入水偏转过程的数值模拟与试验结果的对比

Figure 5. Comparison of deflection processes between numerical simulation and test results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 弹体水中姿态对比

Figure 6. Comparison of simulated and test attitudes of a projectile in water

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 水中空泡形态对比

Figure 7. Comparison of simulated and test cavity shapes in water

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 60°入水角度时弹体入水偏转过程

Figure 8. Trajectory deflection process of the projectile entering the water at a 60° angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 弹体受力模式变化示意图

Figure 9. Variation of contact force mode on the projectile during penetration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 60°入水角度时弹体水平和竖直方向的载荷时程曲线

Figure 10. Variation of horizontal and vertical forces on the projectile at a 60° entry angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 60°入水角度时弹体锥段和柱段的横向载荷时程曲线

Figure 11. Variation of lateral forces of the cone head and cylinder at a 60° entry angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 60°入水角度时弹体锥段和柱段载荷引起的俯仰力矩时程曲线

Figure 12. Variation of pitch moments of the cone head and cylinder at a 60° entry angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 60°入水角度时弹体偏转角速度时程曲线

Figure 13. Variation of deflection angular velocity at a 60° entry angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 60°入水角度时弹体轴向和横向载荷时程曲线

Figure 14. Variation of axial and lateral forces on the penetrator at a 60° entry angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 不同入水角度时弹体的运动轨迹

Figure 15. Trajectory deflection processes of projectiles at different entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 不同入水角度时弹体的速度变化时程曲线

Figure 16. Variations of the velocities of the projectiles at different entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 不同入水角度时弹体水平和竖直方向载荷时程曲线

Figure 17. Variations of horizontal and vertical forces on the projectiles at different entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 不同入水角度时弹体轴向和横向载荷时程曲线

Figure 18. Variations of axial and lateral forces on the projectiles at different entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 弹体偏转角和偏转角速度时程曲线

Figure 19. Variations of deflection angles and deflection angular velocities at different entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 20 弹体俯仰角变化时程曲线

Figure 20. Variations of pitch angles at different entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 21 弹体侵深与入水角度的关系

Figure 21. Relationship between penetration depth and entry angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 材料Johnson-Cook模型参数^[21-22]

Table 1. Johnson-Cook model parameters of materials^[21-22]

材料	ρ/(kg·m^–3)	E/GPa	ν	c_p/(J·kg^–1·K^–1)	T_r/K	T_m/K	$\dot\varepsilon $/s^–1	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C
G50	7 620	205	0.28	469.0	300	1765	1	1 445	1 326	0.356	0.005
7A04	2 850	69.35	0.33	921.0	293	878	1	602.5	732.1	0.753	0.014

材料	m	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	c₀/(m·s^–1)	S₁	γ₀	a₀
G50	1.120	0.100	0.760	1.57	0	0	4280	1.99	2.00	0.46
7A04	1.015	0.059	0.246	–2.41	–0.1	–0.1	5240	1.40	1.97	0.48

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(22)

[1]	VON KARMAN T H. The impact on seaplane floats during landing: NACA technical note No. 321 [R]. Washington: NACA, 1929.
[2]	LOGVINOVICH G V. Hydrodynamics of flows with free boundaries [M]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1969.
[3]	MAY A, WOODHULL J C. Drag coefficients of steel spheres entering water vertically [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1948, 19(12): 1109–1121. DOI: 10.1063/1.1715027.
[4]	陈先富. 弹丸入水空穴的试验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 1985, 5(4): 70–73. CHEN X F. Experimental studies on the cavitation phenomena as a pellet entering water [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 1985, 5(4): 70–73.
[5]	张伟, 郭子涛, 肖新科, 等. 弹体高速入水特性实验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2011, 31(6): 579–584. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)06-0579-06. ZHANG W, GUO Z T, XIAO X K, et al. Experimental investigations on behaviors of projectile high-speed water entry [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2011, 31(6): 579–584. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)06-0579-06.
[6]	郭子涛, 张伟, 郭钊, 等. 截卵形弹水平入水的速度衰减及空泡扩展特性 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37(4): 727–733. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0727-07. GUO Z T, ZHANG W, GUO Z, et al. Characteristics of velocity attenuation and cavity expansion induced by horizontal water-entry of truncated-ogive nosed projectiles [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2017, 37(4): 727–733. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0727-07.
[7]	刘思华, 王占莹, 李利剑, 等. 头型对射弹高速入水稳定性的影响 [J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(21): 528437. DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28437. LIU S H, WANG Z Y, LI L J, et al. Influence of nose shapes on high-speed water entry stability of projectile [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(21): 528437. DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28437.
[8]	王云, 袁绪龙, 吕策. 弹体高速入水弯曲弹道实验研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(12): 1998–2002. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.12.010. WANG Y, YUAN X L, LV C. Experimental research on curved trajectory of high-speed water-entry missile [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(12): 1998–2002. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.12.010.
[9]	SHI Y, HUA Y, PAN G. Experimental study on the trajectory of projectile water entry with asymmetric nose shape [J]. Physics of Fluids, 2020, 32(12): 122119. DOI: 10.1063/5.0033906.
[10]	马庆鹏, 魏英杰, 王聪, 等. 不同头型运动体高速入水空泡数值模拟 [J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2014, 46(11): 24–29. DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2014.11.004. MA Q P, WEI Y J, WANG C, et al. Numerical simulation of high-speed water entry cavity of cylinders [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014, 46(11): 24–29. DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2014.11.004.
[11]	GAO J G, CHEN Z H, HUANG Z G, et al. Numerical investigations on the oblique water entry of high-speed projectiles [J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2019, 362: 124547. DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2019.06.061.
[12]	CHANG Y N, TONG A Y. A numerical study on water entry of cylindrical projectiles [J]. Physics of Fluids, 2021, 33(9): 093304. DOI: 10.1063/5.0059892.
[13]	肖海燕, 罗松, 朱珠, 等. 高速射弹小角度入水弹道特性研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2019, 39(8): 784–791. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.08.003. XIAO H Y, LUO S, ZHU Z, et al. Trajectory and cavitation characteristics of high-speed projectiles at small angle of water entry [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2019, 39(8): 784–791. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.08.003.
[14]	黄振贵, 王瑞琦, 陈志华, 等. 90°锥头弹丸不同速度下垂直入水冲击引起的空泡特性 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(6): 1189–1199. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0115. HUANG Z G, WANG R Q, CHEN Z H, et al. Experimental study of cavity characteristic induced by vertical water entry impact of a projectile with a 90° cone-shaped head at different velocities [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(6): 1189–1199. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0115.
[15]	胡明勇, 张志宏, 刘巨斌, 等. 低亚声速射弹垂直入水的流体与固体耦合数值计算研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(3): 560–568. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.03.018. HU M Y, ZHANG Z H, LIU J B, et al. Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation on vertical water entry of projectile at low subsonic speed [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(3): 560–568. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.03.018.
[16]	GUO Z T, ZHANG W, XIAO X K, et al. An investigation into horizontal water entry behaviors of projectiles with different nose shapes [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2012, 49: 43–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.04.004.
[17]	SONG Z J, DUAN W Y, XU G D, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the water entry of projectiles at high oblique entry speed [J]. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 211: 107574. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107574.
[18]	李佳川, 魏英杰, 王聪, 等. 不同扰动角速度高速射弹入水弹道特性 [J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2017, 49(4): 131–136. DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201512058. LI J C, WEI Y J, WANG C, et al. Water entry trajectory characteristics of high-speed projectiles with various turbulent angular velocity [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2017, 49(4): 131–136. DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201512058.
[19]	汪振, 吴茂林, 戴文留. 大口径弹体高速入水载荷特性研究 [J]. 弹道学报, 2020, 32(1): 15–22. DOI: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)01-003. WANG Z, WU M L, DAI W L. Study on load characteristics of high-speed water-entry of large caliber projectile [J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2020, 32(1): 15–22. DOI: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)01-003.
[20]	孙玉松, 周穗华, 张晓兵, 等. 基于多介质ALE方法的大型弹体入水载荷特性研究 [J]. 海军工程大学学报, 2019, 31(6): 101–106. DOI: 10.7495/j.issn.1009-3486.2019.06.019. SUN Y S, ZHOU S H, ZHANG X B, et al. On water-impact load of heavy projectiles base on multi-material ALE method [J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2019, 31(6): 101–106. DOI: 10.7495/j.issn.1009-3486.2019.06.019.
[21]	张斌, 李继承, 陈建良, 等. 构型弹体跌落冲击载荷及结构响应特性 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2023, 43(3): 033201. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0098. ZHANG B, LI J C, CHEN J L, et al. Loading characteristics and structural response of a warhead during drop impact [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2023, 43(3): 033201. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0098.
[22]	张伟, 肖新科, 魏刚. 7A04铝合金的本构关系和失效模型 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2011, 31(1): 81–87. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)01-0081-07. ZHANG W, XIAO X K, WEI G. Constitutive relation and fracture model of 7A04 aluminum alloy [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2011, 31(1): 81–87. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)01-0081-07.