基于SHPB试验的碳纳米管增强混凝土动态压缩行为研究

夏伟; 陆松; 白二雷; 赵德辉; 许金余; 杜宇航

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0424

基于SHPB试验的碳纳米管增强混凝土动态压缩行为研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0424

夏伟^1,,
陆松^1, ,,
白二雷¹,
赵德辉¹,
许金余^{1, 2},
杜宇航³

1.
空军工程大学航空工程学院，陕西西安 710038
2.
西北工业大学力学与土木建筑学院，陕西西安 710072
3.
中国建筑西北设计研究院有限公司，陕西西安 710018

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51908548）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏　伟（1996－　），男，博士研究生，xiaweiafeu@163.com

通讯作者:
陆　松（1990－　），男，博士，讲师，lusong647@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3; TU528.57
计量
- 文章访问数: 230
- HTML全文浏览量: 55
- PDF下载量: 51
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-27
- 修回日期: 2024-01-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-30

A study of dynamic compression behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete based on SHPB test

XIA Wei^1
,,
LU Song^{1
, ,},
BAI Erlei¹,
ZHAO Dehui¹,
XU Jinyu^{1, 2},
DU Yuhang³

1.
Aviation Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
2.
College of Mechanics and Civil Architecture, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
3.
China Northwest Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究碳纳米管增强混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态压缩行为，采用$\varnothing $100 mm大直径分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB）对其进行了冲击试验，对比分析了不同冲击速度和碳纳米管掺量条件下混凝土的动态抗压强度、受压形变以及能量耗散特征的演化规律。试验结果表明：碳纳米管增强混凝土的动态强度特性具有显著的加载速率敏感性，动态抗压强度和动态强度增长因子均与冲击速度呈线性正相关的关系，当加载水平相同时，动态抗压强度随碳纳米管掺量的增大呈先上升后略有下降的变化趋势，且与普通混凝土相比增幅可达23.7%。碳纳米管增强混凝土的极限应变与冲击韧度的变化特点相似，均随冲击速度的增大而逐渐提高，具有一定的冲击速度强化效应，但与冲击速度之间并没有表现出明显的线性关系。在同一加载水平下，当碳纳米管掺量为0.30%时，混凝土的冲击韧度达到相对最大，较之普通混凝土提升约10%。掺入适量的碳纳米管能够有效强化混凝土内部结构的整体性和致密性，进而改善混凝土的动态力学性能以及能量耗散特征。
- 混凝土 /
- 碳纳米管 /
- 分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB) /
- 动态力学特性 /
- 冲击能量耗散
Abstract: In order to investigate the dynamic compression behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete under impact loading, the impact compression tests were carried out by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device with a diameter of 100 mm. The impact velocities in the SHPB tests were about 6.8, 7.8, 8.8, 9.8 and 10.8 m/s, respectively. The contents of carbon nanotubes in concrete (as a percentage of cement mass) were 0% (i.e. ordinary concrete, as a baseline of comparison), 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.40%, respectively. Then, based on the test results, the evolution laws of dynamic compressive strength, compression deformation, and energy dissipation characteristics of concrete under different impact velocities and carbon nanotubes contents were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the dynamic strength characteristics of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete have significant loading rate sensitivity. The dynamic compressive strength and dynamic enhancement factor show linear positive correlations with impact velocity. When the loading level remains the same, the dynamic compressive strength increases first and then decreases slightly with the increase of carbon nanotubes content, and the growth rate can reach 23.7% compared to ordinary concrete. The variation characteristics of ultimate strain and impact toughness of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete are similar, which gradually increase with the increase of impact velocity, and have a certain impact velocity strengthening effect, but there is no obvious linear relationship with the impact velocity. Toughness is a comprehensive reflection of material strength and deformation. Therefore, at the same loading level, when the content of carbon nanotubes was 0.30%, the impact toughness of concrete achieved a relative maximum, being about 10% higher than that of ordinary concrete. The appropriate addition of carbon nanotubes can effectively enhance the integrity and compactness of the internal structure of concrete, thereby improving its dynamic mechanical properties and energy dissipation performance.
- concrete /
- carbon nanotubes /
- split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) /
- dynamic mechanical properties /
- impact energy dissipation

HTML全文

图 1 碳纳米管超声分散处理

Figure 1. Ultrasonic dispersion treatment of carbon nanotubes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 SHPB试验装置组成

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of an SHPB test device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 混凝土动态应力-应变曲线

Figure 3. Dynamic stress-strain curves of concrete

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 混凝土动态压缩强度特性与冲击速度的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between concrete’s dynamic compressive strength characteristics and impact velocity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 混凝土动态受压变形与冲击速度的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between concrete’s dynamic compression deformation and impact velocity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 混凝土能量耗散特征与冲击速度的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between concrete’s energy dissipation characteristics and impact velocity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 水泥的化学组成（质量分数）

Table 1. Chemical composition of cement (mass fraction) %

CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	SO₃	其他
60.54	21.74	4.23	4.61	2.88	2.45	3.55

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 碳纳米管的主要性能参数

Table 2. Main performance parameters of carbon nanotubes

羧基含量（质量分数）/%	纯度/%	长度/μm	直径/nm	内径/nm	振实密度/(g·cm⁻³)	比表面积/(m²·g⁻¹)
3.86	>95	0.5～2	5～15	2～5	0.27	>200

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 混凝土的配合比

Table 3. Mix proportion of concrete

kg/m³
试样编号	水泥	河砂	碎石	水	减水剂	消泡剂	碳纳米管
PC	340	640	1360	130	1.7	0.2	0
CNRC1	340	640	1360	130	1.7	0.2	0.34
CNRC2	340	640	1360	130	1.7	0.2	0.68
CNRC3	340	640	1360	130	1.7	0.2	1.02
CNRC4	340	640	1360	130	1.7	0.2	1.36
注：PC表示未掺加碳纳米管的普通混凝土，CNRC1表示碳纳米管掺量为0.1%的碳纳米管增强混凝土，其余编号代表的含义以此类推。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 混凝土动态抗压强度与冲击速度的拟合结果

Table 4. Fitting results between concrete’s dynamic compressive strength and impact velocity

拟合参数	PC	CNRC1	CNRC2	CNRC3	CNRC4
k	7.11	6.64	7.83	5.06	7.39
b	2.59	6.12	−0.11	27.69	0.83
R²	0.9654	0.9663	0.9968	0.9753	0.9751

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 混凝土动态强度增长因子与冲击速度的拟合结果

Table 5. Fitting results between concrete’s dynamic enhancement factor and impact velocity

拟合参数	PC	CNRC1	CNRC2	CNRC3	CNRC4
k	0.143	0.131	0.152	0.092	0.156
b	0.067	0.123	−6.026	0.508	0.020
R²	0.9657	0.9717	0.9946	0.9729	0.9783

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	KONSTA-GDOUTOS M S, METAXA Z S, SHAH S P. Multi-scale mechanical and fracture characteristics and early-age strain capacity of high performance carbon nanotube/cement nanocomposites [J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2010, 32(2): 110–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.007.
[2]	党发宁, 李玉涛, 任劼, 等. 混凝土冲击破坏动态力学及能量特性分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2022, 42(8): 083202. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0444. DANG F N, LI Y T, REN J, et al. Analysis of dynamic mechanics and energy characteristics of concrete impact failure [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2022, 42(8): 083202. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0444.
[3]	LU S, XIA W, BAI E L, et al. Interfacial modification: The dynamic compression properties and enhancement mechanism of concrete added with micro-nano hierarchical carbon-based fiber [J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2022, 247: 110340. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110340.
[4]	WANG J L, DONG S F, PANG S D, et al. Tailoring anti-impact properties of ultra-high performance concrete by incorporating functionalized carbon nanotubes [J]. Engineering, 2022, 18: 232–245. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.030.
[5]	胡时胜, 王道荣. 冲击载荷下混凝土材料的动态本构关系 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2002, 22(3): 242–246. HU S S, WANG D R. Dynamic constitutive relation of concrete under impact [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2002, 22(3): 242–246.
[6]	徐阳晨, 邢国华, 黄娇, 等. 聚乙烯醇纤维和碳纳米管改性对混凝土力学性能的影响 [J]. 建筑材料学报, 2023, 26(7): 809–815, 822. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2023.07.014. XU Y C, XING G H, HUANG J, et al. Effect of PVA fiber and carbon nanotubes modification on mechanical properties of concrete [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2023, 26(7): 809–815, 822. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2023.07.014.
[7]	康玉梅, 佟佳欣. 多壁碳纳米管对钢渣混凝土力学及耐久性能的影响 [J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 54(8): 3070–3078. DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.08.011. KANG Y M, TONG J X. Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical and durability of steel slag concrete [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2023, 54(8): 3070–3078. DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.08.011.
[8]	CARRIÇO A, BOGAS J A, HAWREEN A, et al. Durability of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 164: 121–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.221.
[9]	XU S L, LIU J T, LI Q H. Mechanical properties and microstructure of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced cement paste [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 76: 16–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.049.
[10]	NOCHAIYA T, CHAIPANICH A. Behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the porosity and microstructure of cement-based materials [J]. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(6): 1941–1945. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.030.
[11]	COLLINS F, LAMBERT J, DUAN W H. The influences of admixtures on the dispersion, workability, and strength of carbon nanotube-OPC paste mixtures [J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2012, 34(2): 201–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.013.
[12]	ROCHA V V, LUDVIG P, TRINDADE A C C, et al. The influence of carbon nanotubes on the fracture energy, flexural and tensile behavior of cement based composites [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 209: 1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.003.
[13]	PARVEEN S, RANA S, FANGUEIRO R, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced cementitious composites developed using a novel dispersion technique [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 73: 215–227. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.006.
[14]	LI G Y, WANG P M, ZHAO X H. Mechanical behavior and microstructure of cement composites incorporating surface-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Carbon, 2005, 43(6): 1239–1245. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.017.
[15]	GAO F F, TIAN W, WANG Z, et al. Effect of diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties and microstructure of the cement-based materials [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 260: 120452. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120452.
[16]	郑冰淼, 陈嘉琪, 施韬, 等. 多壁碳纳米管增强混凝土的断裂性能 [J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2021, 49(11): 2502–2508. DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20210054. ZHENG B M, CHEN J Q, SHI T, et al. Fracture properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete [J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 49(11): 2502–2508. DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20210054.
[17]	黄山秀, 陈小羊, 张传祥, 等. 不同应变率和碳纳米管掺量下混凝土的力学性质与能量演化特征 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2023, 37(1): 014101. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220654. HUANG S X, CHEN X Y, ZHANG C X, et al. Mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of concrete under different strain rates and content of MWCNTs [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2023, 37(1): 014101. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220654.
[18]	任韦波, 许金余, 白二雷, 等. 高温后玄武岩纤维增强混凝土的动态力学特性 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2015, 35(1): 36–42. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)01-0036-07. REN W B, XU J Y, BAI E L, et al. Dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete after elevated temperatures [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2015, 35(1): 36–42. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)01-0036-07.
[19]	夏伟, 陆松, 许金余, 等. 碳纳米管/碳纤维对混凝土静力特性的影响及微观机理分析 [J]. 化工新型材料, 2022, 50(9): 278–281. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2022.09.055. XIA W, LU S, XU J Y, et al. Influence of CNTs/CF on the static characteristics of concrete and analysis of its micro-mechanism [J]. New Chemical Materials, 2022, 50(9): 278–281. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2022.09.055.
[20]	XIA W, LU S, BAI E L, et al. Strengthening and toughening behaviors and dynamic constitutive model of carbon-based hierarchical fiber modified concrete: cross-scale synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon fiber [J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2023, 63: 105482. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105482.
[21]	KHOSRAVANI M R, WEINBERG K. A review on split Hopkinson bar experiments on the dynamic characterisation of concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 190: 1264–1283. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.187.
[22]	吕太洪. 基于SHPB的混凝土及钢筋混凝土冲击压缩力学行为研究 [D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2018. LV T H. Studies on the shock compression behaviors of concrete and steel reinforced concrete based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2018.
[23]	方士正, 李炜煜, 杨阳, 等. 静水压状态下深部岩石动态压缩力学行为及能量耗散特征试验研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(6): 280–288. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2023.06.034. FANG S Z, LI W Y, YANG Y, et al. Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of deep rock under coupled impact loading and hydrostatic pre-stress [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(6): 280–288. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2023.06.034.
[24]	王道荣, 胡时胜. 骨料对混凝土材料冲击压缩行为的影响 [J]. 实验力学, 2002, 17(1): 23–27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4888.2002.01.004. WANG D R, HU S S. Influence of aggregate on the compression properties of concrete under impact [J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2002, 17(1): 23–27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4888.2002.01.004.
[25]	胡金生, 杨秀敏, 周早生, 等. 钢纤维混凝土与聚丙烯纤维混凝土材料冲击荷载下纤维增韧特性试验研究 [J]. 建筑结构学报, 2005, 26(2): 101–105. DOI: 10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2005.02.015. HU J S, YANG X M, ZHOU Z S, et al. Experimental study on tenacity increase characteristics of steel fiber reinforced concrete and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete under impact load [J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2005, 26(2): 101–105. DOI: 10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2005.02.015.