Energy absorption characteristics of axial series energy absorption tubes
-
摘要: 针对工程技术领域的碰撞载荷削峰减载问题，采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法研究了轴向串联式吸能管的吸能特性：首先基于材料高速拉伸试验，构建吸能管的材料Johnson-Cook动态本构参数，并对拟合参数有效性进行评估；随后通过数值模拟与高速冲击试验研究高速撞击过程中吸能管的缓冲吸能特性，评估仿真与试验的一致性；最终通过数值模拟对吸能管轴向串联构型与单管构型之间的吸能评价指标开展对比分析。分析研究表明：数值模拟与冲击试验的变形模式、载荷曲线、吸能评价指标均吻合较好，材料性能参数准确，仿真预示方法有效，高速冲击试验方案合理可信；与相同结构参数的串联构型吸能管相比，单管构型吸能管在压缩过程中会出现非轴对称、不稳定的扭曲变形，单管构型的有效压缩行程减小了13%，峰值载荷提高了33.4%，撞击瞬间载荷提高了15%，平均压缩力提高了13%，载荷峰均比提高了17.7%；吸能管的串联构型是更为理想的缓冲吸能结构。Abstract: To address the issue of peak load reduction for impact loads in engineering technology, the energy absorption characteristics of axial series energy absorbing tubes was investigated through a combination of numerical simulation and experimentation. Firstly, the Johnson-Cook dynamic constitutive parameters of the material 06Cr18Ni11Ti GB/T1220-2007 of energy absorbing tubes were established and evaluated based on high-speed tensile tests which indicates 06Cr18Ni11Ti has obvious strain rate hardening effect. Subsequently, numerical simulation and high-speed impact tests were conducted to examine the energy absorption characteristics of energy absorption tubes, with an evaluation of consistency between numerical simulation and test results. The numerical simulation was based on the time-step ABAQUS/Explicit finite element simulation platform. The high speed impact test system used the high pressure gas inside the air actuated piston cylinder as the power source, which could accelerate the mass block to a speed of 30 m/s. Finally, the energy absorption evaluation indexes between the axial series configuration and the single configuration of the energy absorption tube were compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. The analysis demonstrates that deformation mode, load curve, and energy absorption evaluation indexes from both numerical simulations and impact tests exhibit good agreement. The accuracy of material performance parameters confirms the effectiveness of simulation prediction methods while validating reasonability and reliability of high-speed impact test schemes. Compared to axial series configurations with identical structural parameters, single-tube configurations display asymmetric and unstable twist deformations during compression processes. Single-tube configurations experience a 13% reduction in effective compression stroke along with a 33.4% increase in peak load, 15% increase in instantaneous impact load, 13% increase in average compression force, as well as a 17.7% increase in peak-to-average load ratio. Consequently, axial series configurations prove to be more ideal energy absorbing structures.
-
图 2 材料试验样件结构示意（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Schematic of the material test sample structure (unit: mm)
图 4 不同应变率条件下材料本构曲线
Figure 4. Material constitutive curves under different strain rates
图 5 仿真与试验材料本构曲线对比
Figure 5. Comparison of constitutive curves of simulated/test materials
图 8 吸能管轴向压缩过程
Figure 8. Axial compression deformation process of energy absorption tube
图 9 吸能管载荷-位移仿真曲线
Figure 9. Simulated load-displacement curve of the energy absorption tube
图 13 吸能管变形形貌仿真/试验对比
Figure 13. Comparison of simulation and test deformation morphology
图 14 单管轴向压缩变形过程
Figure 14. Axial compression deformation process of single energy absorption tube
表 1 06Cr18Ni11Ti材料本构常数
Table 1. Material parameters of 06Cr18Ni11Ti
E/GPa ν ρ/(kg·m−3) A/MPa B/MPa n $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s−1 C m 210 0.28 7800 297.7 1250 0.726 0.005 0.0231454 1 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 吸能评价指标
Table 2. Energy absorption evaluation indexes
指标 符号 定义 吸能效率 f $ f=\dfrac{1}{{F}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}{\displaystyle \int }_{0}^{S}F\left(s\right)\mathrm{d}s $ 有效压缩行程 Seff 吸能效率 f 最大值对应的压缩位移 有效行程比 Res $ {R}_{\text{es}}=S_{\rm{ eff}}/L $ 总吸能 Et $ {E}_{t}={\displaystyle \int }_{0}^{{S}_{\text{ eff}}}F\left(s\right)\mathrm{d}s $ 结构平均压缩力 Fm $ {F}_{\mathrm{m}}={E}_{\mathrm{t}}/{S}_{\text{ef}\text{f}} $ 比吸能 esa $ {e}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{a}}={E}_{\mathrm{t}}/M $ 载荷峰均比 Rpa $ {R}_{\text{pa}}={F}_{\text{peak}}/{F}_{\mathrm{m}} $ 注：S为压缩位移, F为压缩载荷, Fmax为[0, S]区间中最大的压缩载荷，L为吸能元件的原长，Fpeak为[0, Sef]区间中最大的压缩载荷。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 吸能管仿真吸能评价指标
Table 3. Simulated performance indicators of the energy absorption tube
Seff Fpeak Res Et Fm esa Rpa 119.4 mm 40440 N59.7% 2788 J23350 N47.5 J/g 1.732
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 吸能管吸能评价指标
Table 4. Performance indicators of energy absorption tube
数据
来源Seff/mm Fpeak/N Res/% Et/J Fm/N esa/(J·g−1) Rpa 仿真 119.4 40440 59.70 2788 23350 47.5 1.732 试验 115.5 36599 57.75 2610 22597 44.5 1.575
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 吸能管吸能评价指标对比
Table 5. Comparision of performance indicators of energy absorption tube
参数 Seff/mm Fpeak/N Res/% Et/J Fm/N esa/(J·g−1) Rpa 轴向串联构型 119.4 40440 59.7 2788 23350 47.5 1.732 单管构型 103.6 53881 51.8 2739 26438 46.6 2.038
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] ALEXANDER J M. An approximate analysis of the collapse of thin cylindrical shells under axial loading [J]. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 1960, 13(1): 10–15. DOI: 10.1093/qjmam/13.1.10. [2] PUGSLEY A. The large-scale crumpling of thin cylindrical columns [J]. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 1960, 13(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1093/qjmam/13.1.1. [3] WIERZBICKI T, BHAT S U. A moving hinge solution for axisymmetric crushing of tubes [J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1986, 28(3): 135–151. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7403(86)90033-0. [4] 张雄. 轻质薄壁结构耐撞性分析与设计优化 [D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2008: 3–13.ZHANG X. Crashworthiness analysis and design optimization of light thin-walled structures [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2008: 3–13. [5] 毕世华, 王汉平, 梁征. 导弹垂直弹射过程中制动锥的动力学特性研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2004, 24(9): 762–765. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2004.09.003.BI S H, WANG H P, LIANG Z. A study on the dynamical characteristics of the braking cylindrical shells during the vertical ejection of missiles [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2004, 24(9): 762–765. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2004.09.003. [6] 王汉平, 王忠峰. 导弹弹射系统中缓冲制动锥的轴压特性 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2007, 27(2): 99–102. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2007.02.002.WANG H P, WANG Z F. Mechanical characteristics of the braking cylindrical shells of missile ejector under axial compression [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2007, 27(2): 99–102. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2007.02.002. [7] 姚保太, 王汉平. 导弹弹射系统中缓冲制动锥的轴向冲击特性 [J]. 固体火箭技术, 2014, 37(6): 863–867. DOI: 10.7673/j.issn.1006-2793.2014.06.023.YAO B T, WANG H P. Mechanical characteristics of the braking cylindrical shells of missile ejector under axial impact [J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2014, 37(6): 863–867. DOI: 10.7673/j.issn.1006-2793.2014.06.023. [8] 陈军葵, 王汉平, 王志军, 等. 导弹弹射系统中缓冲制动锥的结构设计 [J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2015, 38(2): 85–90. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-244X.2015.02.022.CHEN J K, WANG H P, WANG Z J, et al. Structure design of braking cylindrical shells of missile ejector [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2015, 38(2): 85–90. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-244X.2015.02.022. [9] 姚如洋, 赵振宇, 尹冠生, 等. 薄壁开孔圆管在轴向荷载作用下的理论研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(2): 141–147. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.02.020.YAO R Y, ZHAO Z Y, YIN G S, et al. Theoretical analysis on thin-walled holed circular tubes under axial loading [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 39(2): 141–147. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.02.020. [10] 王陈凌. 伸缩型高强钢薄壁圆管耐撞性分析及优化设计[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2021: 21–54. DOI: 10.27135/d.cnki.ghudu.2021.003010.WANG C L. Crashworthiness analysis and optimization design of telescopic high-strength steel thin-walled circular tubes [D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2021: 21–54. DOI: 10.27135/d.cnki.ghudu.2021.003010. [11] 季銮顺. 可轧制约束下变厚度薄壁结构的参数化建模及耐撞性优化设计 [D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2020: 44–83. DOI: 10.27170/d.cnki.gjsuu.2020.001563.JI L S. Parametric modeling and optimal design of crashworthiness for thin-wall structures with variable thickness under rolling constraints [D]. Zhenjiang, Jiangsu: Jiangsu University, 2020: 44–83. DOI: 10.27170/d.cnki.gjsuu.2020.001563. [12] 刘莉, 高宁, 许喆, 等. 地铁车辆底架薄壁梁吸能结构耐撞性试验与仿真研究 [J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2021, 18(7): 1852–1860. DOI: 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20200827.LIU L, GAO N, XU Z, et al. Crashworthiness test and simulation research on the thin-walled beam energy absorption structure of trains [J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2021, 18(7): 1852–1860. DOI: 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20200827. [13] 王春华, 姜红星, 牛慧超, 等. 防冲支架变梯度薄壁构件压溃吸能实验研究 [J]. 机械强度, 2021, 43(5): 1062–1069. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2021.05.007.WANG C H, JIANG H X, NIU H C, et al. Research on variable gradient thin-walled energy absorbing component of scour-proof hydraulic support [J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2021, 43(5): 1062–1069. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2021.05.007. [14] 于鹏山, 刘志芳, 李世强. 新型仿竹薄壁圆管的设计与吸能特性分析[J]. 高压物理学报, 2021, 35(5): 054205-1. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210710.YU P S, LIU Z F, LI S Q. Design and energy absorption characteristic analysis of a new bio-bamboo thin-walled circular tube [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2021, 35(5): 054205-1. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210710. [15] JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures [C]// Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics. The Hague, 1983: 541–547. [16] 项燕飞. 能量吸收材料与结构的评价指标 [D]. 宁波: 宁波大学, 2014: 8–11.XIANG Y F. Key Performance indicators (KPIs) of energy absorption of materials and structures [D]. Ningbo: Ningbo University, 2014: 8–11. [17] 余同希. 结构的耐撞性和能量吸收装置 [J]. 力学与实践, 1985, 7(3): 2–9. DOI: 10.6052/1000-0879-1985-041. [18] 庄茁, 张帆, 岑松, 等. ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005: 207–239. -
计量
- 文章访问数: 91
- HTML全文浏览量: 34
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0