A new composite protective structure based on the controllability of blast load on the structure layer (Ⅱ): influence factors and design concept
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摘要: 为明确泡沫混凝土厚度和强度对组合式防护结构抗爆性能的影响，充分发挥和合理利用泡沫混凝土良好的消波特性，首先通过试验及数值模拟探讨不同泡沫混凝土厚度和强度对组合式防护结构抗爆性能的影响，并分析分层梯度泡沫混凝土在爆炸波作用下的消波特性。然后将组合式防护结构与采用中粗砂为分配层的传统成层式结构进行对比分析验证其优越性，在此基础上，总结凝练出组合式防护结构的主体结构荷载可控的设计理念。结果表明，利用泡沫混凝土材料较长的屈服平台和较低的波阻抗，以泡沫混凝土作为能量调控层，通过设计泡沫混凝土强度等级（密度等级）和厚度以及采用多层梯度泡沫混凝土，可使得作用于主体结构上的爆炸荷载峰值恰为泡沫混凝土屈服强度，实现对主体结构上荷载的可控设计，有效解决了中粗砂为分配层的传统成层式结构不易控制作用于主体结构上荷载的问题。研究结果可为抗新型钻地弹的防护设计提供重要参考。Abstract: Experimental and numerical investigations are carried out to clarify the influence of the thickness and strength of the foam concrete layer on the blast resistance of the new composite protective structure. The multilayer graded foam concrete is applied to adequately and rationally use the good wave dissipation performance of foam concrete. Then the advantage of the new composite protective structure is verified by comparison with the traditional layered structure with medium/coarse sand as the distribution layer. Finally, the design concept of composite protective structures based on the controllability of blast load on the structure layer is summarized. The foam concrete can be used as an energy control layer of the composite protective structure mainly due to its long yield plateau and low wave impedance. The blast load acting on the structure layer can be exactly equal to the yield strength of the foam concrete by choosing the appropriate thickness and strength (density) of the foam concrete layer, as well as the use of the multilayer graded foam concrete. Based on the controllable design concept of blast load on the structure layer in the new composite protective structure, the defects of traditional layered protective structure with medium/coarse sand as the distribution layer can be solved thoroughly. The results can provide an important reference for the design of protective structures against new earth penetration weapons.
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Key words:
- foam concrete /
- composite protective structure /
- controllable design /
- blast wave /
- wave dissipation
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图 3 爆炸波在不同厚度泡沫混凝土层中的传播衰减
Figure 3. Propagation of blast waves in foam concrete layers with different thicknesses
图 4 不同厚度泡沫混凝土层时主体结构层测点的应力时程曲线
Figure 4. Stress-time histories of gauges in structure layer with different thicknesses of foam concrete layer
图 5 试验后不同靶体损伤破坏情况的剖面图
Figure 5. Sectional view of post-test failure in composite protective structures with different foam concrete layers
图 6 主体结构层上表面中心位置测点实测应力时程曲线
Figure 6. Stress-time histories of gauges at the upper surface of the structure layer in the test
图 7 不同靶体的遮弹层损伤云图
Figure 7. Numerically predicted damage of concrete shelter in composite protective structures
图 8 数值模拟预测的不同靶体B-3-1测点的应力时程曲线
Figure 8. Numerically predicted stress-time histories of gauge B-3-1 in composite protective structures
图 9 爆炸波在不同强度的泡沫混凝土层中的传播衰减
Figure 9. Propagation of blast waves in foam concrete layer with different strengths
图 10 主体结构层上表面沿径向的应力峰值分布
Figure 10. Peak stress distribution along the radial direction on the upper surface of the structure layer
图 12 泡沫混凝土层能量对比
Figure 12. Comparison of total energies in different foam concrete layers
图 13 爆炸波在分层梯度泡沫混凝土中的传播衰减
Figure 13. Propagation and attenuation of blast waves in layered graded foam concrete
图 14 不同厚度中粗砂层分配层主体结构层测点的应力时程曲线
Figure 14. Stress-time histories of gauges in structure layer with different thicknesses of medium-coarse sand layer
表 1 泡沫混凝土配合比
Table 1. Mix proportion of foam concrete
强度等级 设计密度/(kg·m−3) 粉煤灰/(kg·m−3) 矿渣/(kg·m−3) 硅酸钠溶液/(kg·m−3) 氢氧化钠固体/(kg·m−3) 水/(kg·m−3) 泡沫/(L·m−3) C1 500 202 202 188 14 72 600 C3 900 362 362 339 25 133 406 C5 1200 484 484 452 33 182 108 C10 1400 564 564 528 38 213 65 
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