Dynamic mechanical properties and anti-penetration performance of granite with different weathering degrees
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摘要: 风化会使岩石材料孔隙发育，严重影响其工程性能，研究风化作用对花岗岩力学特性及抗侵彻性能的影响，对侵彻战斗部毁伤效能评估及地下工程防护能力分析具有重要意义。选用两种不同风化程度的花岗岩为研究对象，基于试验法系统分析其物理特性、静/动态压缩性能及抗侵彻性能的差异。结果表明：风化作用会造成花岗岩中黑云母和斜长石含量降低，孔隙率增加、内部组织变松散，缺陷加剧；风化作用将导致花岗岩抗压强度劣化、应变率效应降低，破坏模式从脆性破坏向弱剪切破坏转变；三轴围压作用下，两种花岗岩的静、动态抗压强度随围压的增大显著提升，且中风化花岗岩的抗压强度对围压的作用更敏感；高速（873～
1040 m/s）侵彻条件下，两种风化花岗岩的抗侵彻性能差异较小，无量纲侵深不超过3倍弹长，岩石靶中不存在明显的侵彻弹道区，但有明显的压碎区，压碎区长度约为弹径的5~8倍。Abstract: The weathering effect can lead to the development of pores in rock material, which affects its engineering properties seriously. Therefore, studying the influence of the weathering effect on the mechanical properties and anti-penetration properties of granite is of great significance to evaluate the damage effectiveness of penetration warheads and analyze the protection capability of underground facilities. The two kinds of granite with different weathering degrees were selected to systematically investigate their physical properties, static/dynamic compressive properties, and anti-penetration properties with the experiment methods, such as the X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, the static uniaxial compression test, the static triaxial compression test, the dynamic uniaxial compression test, the dynamic triaxial compression test, and the two-stage light gas gun test. Finally, the results indicate that the weathering effect can cause a decrease in biotite and microcline, an increase in porosity, loose internal structure, and obvious defects in granite, based on the X-ray diffraction analysis technique. Besides, the weathering effect can also lead to deterioration in granite’s compressive strength, weakened strain rate effect, and the shift of the failure mode from brittle failure to weak shear failure. Under static and dynamic triaxial compression, as for the two kinds of weathered granite, static and dynamic compressive strength rises significantly with the increase of confining pressure, while moderately weathered granite is more sensitive to confining pressure, compared with the slightly weathered granite. Under the condition of high-speed penetration, the speed varying from 873 m/s to1040 m/s, there is little difference in anti-penetration performance for the two kinds of weathered granite, in which case both of the non-dimensional penetration depths are generally no more than three times the length of the projectiles. Moreover, no obvious penetration trajectory zones exit in weathered granite targets while there are significant crushed zones around the projectiles, the length of which can reach up to 5−8 times the diameter of the projectiles.-
Key words:
- granite /
- weathering degree /
- dynamic mechanical property /
- anti-penetration performance
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图 1 不同风化程度花岗岩试样及矿物组成
Figure 1. Granite specimens and mineral composition with different weathering degrees
图 2 不同风化程度花岗岩的细微观结构图像
Figure 2. Microstructure images of granite with different weathering degrees
图 10 加载速率v对花岗岩抗压强度σc及弹性模量Ec的影响分析
Figure 10. Effect of loading rate on the static compression strength and elastic modulus of granite
图 11 不同加载速率下单轴压缩试验后的花岗岩试样
Figure 11. Granite specimens after static compression test at different loading rates
图 12 花岗岩试样在不同围压下的典型应力-应变曲线
Figure 12. Typical stress-strain curves of granite under different confining pressures
图 13 不同花岗岩试样在不同围压下的试验结果
Figure 13. Test results of compression strength for weathered granite under different confining pressures
图 14 花岗岩试样在不同围压下的破坏特征
Figure 14. Fracture characteristics of granite under different confining pressures
图 15 花岗岩试样在不同加载条件下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 15. Stress-strain curves of granite under different loading conditions
图 17 花岗岩试样在不同围压下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 17. Stress-strain curves of granite under different confining pressures
图 18 不同花岗岩试样在不同围压下的试验结果
Figure 18. Test results of weathered granite under different confining pressures
图 19 花岗岩试样在不同围压下的破碎特征
Figure 19. Fracture characteristics of granite under different confining pressures
图 21 弹体侵彻花岗岩或混凝土靶体的无量纲侵深H/l0对比（CRH为3）
Figure 21. Comparison of non-dimensional penetration depth H/l0 when projectile penetration into granite or concrete targets (CRH is 3)
表 1 不同风化程度花岗岩的基本物理力学参数
Table 1. Basic physical parameters of granite specimens with different weathering degrees
岩石种类 体积密度/
(g·cm−3)天然含水量/% 孔隙率/% 纵波波速/
(km·s−1)中风化花岗岩 2.54 0.06 2.01 2.483 微风化花岗岩 2.58 0.02 0.74 2.405 
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表 2 风化花岗岩的力学试验方案
Table 2. Scheme of mechanical experiments for weathered granite
试验编号 试验类型 岩石类型 直径/mm 高度/mm 试验次数 控制变量 1 静态单轴压缩 中风化 50 100 9 加载速率 微风化 50 100 9 加载速率 2 静态三轴压缩 中风化 50 100 9 围压 微风化 50 100 9 围压 3 动态单轴压缩 中风化 50 25 9 应变率 微风化 50 25 9 应变率 4 动态三轴压缩 中风化 50 25 6 围压 微风化 50 25 6 围压 5 侵彻试验 中风化 300 500 3 侵彻速度 微风化 300 500 6 侵彻速度
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表 3 不同风化程度花岗岩的静态压缩试验测试结果
Table 3. Results of static compression tests of granite with different weathering degrees
试验编号 岩石类型 加载速率/(μm·s−1) 单轴压缩强度/MPa 峰值应变/% 弹性模量/GPa 1-1 中风化 1 47.10 0.93 8.44 1-2 中风化 10 54.22 1.29 8.23 1-3 中风化 50 59.23 1.36 9.37 1-4 微风化 1 105.49 1.30 13.42 1-5 微风化 10 134.85 1.70 13.72 1-6 微风化 50 165.11 1.64 14.75
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表 4 弹体侵彻花岗岩靶的试验结果
Table 4. Experimental results of projectile penetration into granite targets
试验编号 靶标类型 初始速度v0/(m·s−1) 侵彻深度H/mm 无量纲侵深H/l0 3-1 微风化花岗岩 1021 52.17 1.61 3-2 微风化花岗岩 873 50.56 1.55 3-3 微风化花岗岩 971 51.43 1.58 3-4 微风化花岗岩 1040 58.51 1.80 3-5 微风化花岗岩 1003 52.08 1.60 3-6 中风化花岗岩 980 53.42 1.64 3-7 中风化花岗岩 882 51.15 1.57 注：未列出试验中获得的无效数据。
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