A study on injury effect of medium-caliber multi-environment bullets
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摘要: 为探究跨介质枪弹的致伤威力，选用明胶为人体模拟靶标，借助LS-DYNA软件对设计的7.62 mm多环境枪弹侵彻模拟靶标过程进行了数值模拟，分析了弹头的运动规律和靶标空腔的变化特性，通过三自由度刚体运动模型，获得了弹头运动的理论曲线。采用多参数同步测量技术，开展了枪弹侵彻靶标实验。结果表明，数值模拟与实验现象一致，较好地再现了多环境枪弹侵彻靶标的过程和致伤效果。理论模型与实验结果误差较小，能准确预测枪弹在靶标中的运动规律。空化槽结构提高了枪弹跨介质运动的稳定性，相较传统的56式7.62 mm普通弹，多环境枪弹在靶标中稳定飞行时间长、距离远、速度衰减慢，翻滚阶段出靶角度小，最大空腔、永久空腔和能量传递效率基本一致，具有一定的致伤效果。研究成果可为新型轻武器弹药优化设计提供数据支撑。Abstract: To investigate the wound effectiveness of cross-medium bullets, gelatin is chosen as a simulated human target. The numerical simulation of the penetration process of the designed 7.62 mm multi-environment bullet into the simulated target is conducted using LS-DYNA software. The motion of the bullet and the changes in the target cavity are analyzed. By utilizing a three-degree-of-freedom rigid body motion model, the theoretical variations of bullet motion are obtained. In the same time, the penetration experiment was carried out by using multi-parameter synchronous measurement techniques. The results show that the numerical simulation agrees well with the experimental observations, effectively reproducing the penetration process and the wound effects of the multi-environment bullet. The theoretical model exhibits small errors compared to the experimental results but accurately predicts the motion characteristics of the bullet in the target. By employing a cavity structure, the stability of the bullet's motion across different media is improved. Compared to the traditional 56-type 7.62 mm rifle bullet, the designed bullet demonstrates longer stable flight time, greater distance, slower velocity decay, smaller deflection angle during tumbling phase, and comparable maximum cavity, permanent cavity, and energy transfer efficiency. It also exhibits a certain killing effect on the target. The research findings enrich the design theory of bullets and provide data support for the optimization design of new lightweight ammunition.
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Key words:
- multi-environment /
- bullet /
- injury effect /
- gelatin /
- cavity
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图 10 多环境枪弹侵彻明胶过程中的应变和von Mises云图
Figure 10. Strain and von Mises cloud diagrams during multi-environment bullet penetration into gelatin
图 12 多环境枪弹侵彻明胶过程中不同时刻空腔变化的数值模拟与实验结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental results of cavity change at different times during multi-environment bullet penetration process
图 13 多环境枪弹侵彻明胶位移变化规律
Figure 13. Multi-environment bullet’s displacement during its penetration into gelatin
图 14 多环境枪弹侵彻明胶速度变化规律
Figure 14. Multi-environment bullet’s velocity during its penetration into gelatin
图 15 多环境枪弹侵彻明胶偏角变化规律
Figure 15. Multi-environment bullet’s deflection angle during its penetration into gelatin
图 17 2种枪弹侵彻明胶位移变化规律对比
Figure 17. Displacements of two kinds of bullets penetrating gelatin
图 18 2种枪弹侵彻明胶速度变化规律对比
Figure 18. Velocities of two kinds of bullets penetrating gelatin
图 19 2种枪弹侵彻明胶偏角变化规律对比
Figure 19. Deflection angles of two kinds of bullets penetrating gelatin
图 22 2种枪弹侵彻明胶产生的瞬时空腔直径对比
Figure 22. Comparison of cavity diameters of two kinds of bullets penetrating gelatin
图 23 2种枪弹产生的最大空腔对比
Figure 23. Comparison of the maximum cavities produced by two kinds of bullets
图 24 2种枪弹产生的永久空腔对比
Figure 24. Comparison of permanent cavities produced by two kinds of bullets
表 1 3种网格尺寸计算效果对比
Table 1. Comparison of calculation effect among three mesh sizes
单元格尺寸/mm 网格数量/个 t=0.1 ms t=0.8 ms 1.0 345000 
0.5 690000 
0.3 1150000 
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表 2 弹头材料模型参数
Table 2. Bullet material model parameters
材料 ρb/(kg·m−3) Eb/GPa γb H60黄铜 8930 12 0.34
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ρ/(kg·m−3) E/kPa Et/kPa σ0/MPa C0/GPa C1/GPa C2/GPa C3/GPa 1030 850 10 0.22 0 2.38 7.14 11.9
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表 4 弹头结构参数
Table 4. Bullet structure parameters
弹型 d/mm l/mm m/g Ia/(g·mm2） Ib/(g·mm2） 56式7.62 mm
普通弹7.62 26.8 7.90 57.3 366.9 7.62 mm多环境
枪弹7.62 29.0 7.99 50.0 398.0
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表 5 2种枪弹实测初始运动参数
Table 5. Measured initial motion parameters of two kinds of bullets
弹型 v0/（m·s−1） α/（°） ψ0/（°） 
733 1.5 1.5 
700 1.5 1.4
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表 6 2种枪弹在明胶靶标中的能量传递
Table 6. Energy transfer in two kinds of bullets penetrating gelatin targets
弹型 Eb/kJ ∆E/kJ η/% 56式7.62 mm普通弹 2.12 1.91 90 7.62 mm多环境枪弹 1.96 1.75 89
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