含初始损伤饱水花岗岩的冲击破坏规律

褚怀保; 陈璐阳; 杨小林; 王东辉; 魏海霞; 孙博

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0036

含初始损伤饱水花岗岩的冲击破坏规律

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0036

河南理工大学土木工程学院，河南焦作 454003

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2023YFC2907202）

详细信息

作者简介:
褚怀保（1978－　），男，博士，教授，chuhuaibao@hpu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈璐阳（1998－　），男，硕士研究生，chenluyang5@qq.com

中图分类号: O383; TU45
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- 文章访问数: 177
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-22
- 修回日期: 2024-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-26

Experimental study on impact failure law of water-saturated granite with initial damage

School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究饱水和初始损伤对冲击荷载下花岗岩宏观和微观破坏特征的影响，开展了X射线衍射、霍普金森和扫描电镜试验，利用分形维数对花岗岩的破碎块度和断口形貌进行了分析，探讨了图像放大倍数对分形维数的影响，分析了冲击荷载下饱水后花岗岩的微观致裂机制。结果表明：饱水后花岗岩中角闪石、钠长石、微斜长石和石英的占比减少，高岭石占比显著提高；随着初始损伤的增大，花岗岩的动态峰值应力逐渐减小，而破碎程度和块度分形维数逐渐增大，且初始损伤对块度分形维数的影响大于饱水的影响；随着初始损伤的增加，断口出现更多的微裂纹和碎屑，断口图像的分形维数也逐渐增加；放大倍数在400~3200范围内时，断口图像分形维数随着图像放大倍数的增大而增加，超过3200后，分形维数减小。
- 岩石动力学 /
- 矿物成分 /
- 破碎块度 /
- 断口微观形貌 /
- 分形维数
Abstract: X-ray diffraction test was used to analyze the changes in the mineral composition of the granite before and after filling with water to study the effects of saturated water and initial damage degree on macroscopic and microscopic failure characteristics of granite under impact load. The Hopkinson device was used to carry out dynamic mechanical tests on the granite samples under different states to analyze the dynamic mechanical properties of the granite and the block size characteristics under different states. In addition, some of the granite fragments after impact were selected for electron microscope scanning test to analyze the fracture failure characteristics. The fractal dimension was used to analyze the fragmentation degree of the granite fragments after impact and the scanning images of the fracture under electron microscopy. The influence of the image magnification selected during electron microscope scanning on the fractal dimension is discussed. The micro-cracking mechanism of granite induced by saturated water under impact load is briefly analyzed. The results show that the mineral composition of the saturated granite changes compared with the natural granite. The proportions of hornblende, albite, microcline, and quartz in the saturated granite decrease, while the proportion of kaolinite increases significantly. With the increase of initial damage, the dynamic peak stress of granite gradually decreases while the fragmentation degree and the fractal dimension of the block increase gradually, and the influence of initial damage on the fractal dimension of the block is greater than that of saturated water. With the increase of initial damage, more micro-cracks and debris appear in the fracture image, and the fractal dimension of the fracture image increases gradually. In a certain range, the fractal dimension of electron microscope scanning images increases with the increase of image magnification, but when the image exceeds a certain multiple, the fractal dimension will decrease. The research results can provide some theoretical and engineering references for the failure and instability mechanism analysis of disturbed water-saturated granite with initial damage in geotechnical engineering.
- rock dynamics /
- mineral composition /
- fragmentation degree /
- microstructure of fracture /
- fractal dimension

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图 1 岩石试样

Figure 1. Rock specimen

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图 2 花岗岩试样各矿物成分含量

Figure 2. Mineral composition content of granite sample

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图 3 SHPB装置示意图

Figure 3. SHPB installation diagram

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图 4 临界破坏状态下两种形态的动态应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Two kind of dynamic stress-strain curves in critical failure state

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图 5 自然状态下不同初始损伤岩样的动态应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Dynamic stress-strain curves of rock samples with different initial damage under natural conditions

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图 6 饱水状态下不同初始损伤岩样的动态应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Dynamic stress-strain curves of rock samples with different initial damage in saturated state

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图 7 不同状态下的岩样碎块

Figure 7. Fragments of rock samples in different states

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图 8 不同状态下岩石碎块累积质量占比（δ）与碎块端面最大直径（r_d）的关系

Figure 8. The relationship between the cumulative mass ratio (δ) of rock fragmentation and the maximum diameter (r_d) of the fragment end face under different states

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图 9 不同状态下花岗岩试样的ln($ M_r/M\mathrm{_t} $)-ln r曲线

Figure 9. ln($ M_r/M_{\mathrm{t}} $)-ln r curves of granite samples under different states

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图 10 不同状态下岩样碎块的块度分形维数随损伤程度的变化曲线

Figure 10. Variation curves of fractal dimension of fragmentation of rock samples with damage degree under different states

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图 11 自然状态下冲击荷载后破碎花岗岩的典型断口形式

Figure 11. Typical fracture patterns of broken granite under natural impact load

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图 12 饱水与损伤耦合作用下花岗岩的典型断口特征

Figure 12. Typical fracture characteristics of granite subjected to the action of water-damage coupling

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图 13 花岗岩分形维数与损伤程度之间的关系

Figure 13. The relationship between granite fractal dimension and damage degree

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图 14 不同放大倍数下岩样断口形貌

Figure 14. Fracture morphology of rock samples at different magnifications

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图 15 分形维数与图像放大倍数之间的关系

Figure 15. The relationship between fractal dimension and image magnification factor

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图 16 冲击荷载下岩样内部形成的水楔效应

Figure 16. Water wedge effect formed inside the rock sample under impact load

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表 1 岩样的基本物理参数

Table 1. Basic physical parameters of rock samples

编号	损伤程度	含水状态	高度/mm	直径/mm	质量/g	密度/(g·cm⁻³)
1-1	无损伤	自然	25.10	49.80	129.23	2.64
1-2	无损伤	饱水	25.16	50.20	128.61	2.58
2-1	低损伤	自然	25.20	49.90	130.10	2.64
2-2	低损伤	饱水	25.12	49.98	129.58	2.63
3-1	中损伤	自然	25.14	50.00	127.33	2.58
3-2	中损伤	饱水	25.12	50.10	126.30	2.55

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表 2 不同端面直径下碎块的累积质量

Table 2. Cumulative mass of fragments under different end diameters

损伤程度	含水状态	累计质量/g
损伤程度	含水状态	r_d ≤10 mm	r_d ≤20 mm	r_d ≤30 mm	r_d ≤40 mm	r_d ≤50 mm
无损伤	自然	2.18	6.98	44.81	54.37	129.23
无损伤	饱水	5.92	11.46	54.46	59.80	128.61
低损伤	自然	7.05	17.87	51.69	61.16	130.1
低损伤	饱水	12.79	43.78	69.50	129.58	129.58
中损伤	自然	17.83	48.48	68.18	127.33	127.33
中损伤	饱水	26.39	63.00	74.75	126.30	126.30

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