Design of ultra-high performance concrete shield against combined penetration and explosion of warheads
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摘要: 为了准确评估超高性能混凝土（ultra-high performance concrete, UHPC）遮弹层在战斗部侵彻爆炸作用下的损伤破坏并建立可靠的计算方法，首先，开展了UHPC靶体抗105 mm口径弹体侵彻和5 kg TNT炸药爆炸联合作用试验，获取了侵彻作用后以及侵彻与爆炸联合作用后弹靶的损伤破坏数据；然后，建立了UHPC靶体抗弹体侵彻与爆炸作用的有限元模型，通过对上述试验和已有的有限厚UHPC板埋置装药爆炸试验进行数值仿真分析，验证了有限元模型和分析方法的可靠性；最后，对比了SDB、WDU-43/B和BLU-109/B等3种典型原型战斗部侵彻与爆炸联合作用下，UHPC遮弹层和普通混凝土遮弹层的临界贯彻和震塌厚度。结果表明：3种战斗部侵彻爆炸联合作用下，遮弹层的临界贯穿厚度和震塌厚度范围分别为1.30～2.60 m和1.70～5.00 m，相应的临界贯穿系数和震塌系数范围分别为1.81～2.17和2.46～4.17；与普通混凝土遮弹层对比，3种战斗部侵彻爆炸联合作用下UHPC遮弹层的开坑直径减小了34.4%～42.4%，临界贯穿和震塌厚度分别降低了7.1%～31.6%和39.7%～52.8%。研究结果可为UHPC遮弹层的抗力评估和设计提供参考。Abstract: Due to the high compressive/tensile strengths and fracture toughness, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has great application potential in protective structures against the attack of earth penetrating weapons. Accurately evaluating the damage and failure and establishing reliable design methods of UHPC shields against the combination of penetration and explosion of warheads can provide a helpful reference for protective structure design and resistance improvement. In this study, combined tests of 105 mm-caliber projectile penetration test and 5 kg TNT explosion test on semi-infinite UHPC target were conducted first. The detailed test data of the projectile and target under penetration and the combined effect of penetration and explosion were recorded. Then, a finite element model of UHPC under penetration and explosion was established. By conducting the numerical simulations of the above-conducted test and the existing prefabricated hole charge explosion test on the finite UHPC slab, as well as comprehensively comparing the destroy depth and cracking dimension of the target, the reliability of the established finite element model and the corresponding analysis approach in predicting the damage and failure of UHPC shield against the combination of penetration and explosion of warheads were validated. Finally, the perforation limit and scabbing limit of the UHPC shield under the combination of penetration and explosion of three typical prototype warheads, i.e., SDB, WDU-43/B, and BLU-109/B, were determined and compared with those of normal strength concrete shield. The results show that, the perforation limit and scabbing limit of the UHPC shield against the above three warheads are in ranges of 1.30−2.60 m and 1.70−5.00 m, respectively. The corresponding critical perforation and scabbing coefficients are in the ranges of 1.81−2.17 and 2.46−4.17, respectively. Compared with the normal strength concrete shield, the cracking diameter of the UHPC shield is reduced by 34.4%−42.4%. The perforation limit and scabbing limit are reduced by 7.1%−31.6% and 39.7%−52.8%, respectively. The present work can provide an analysis method and reference for the resistance evaluation and design of the UHPC shield.
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Key words:
- ultra-high performance concrete /
- shield /
- penetration /
- explosion /
- protective design
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图 4 侵彻和爆炸试验后的弹靶损伤
Figure 4. Damaged projectile and target after penetration and explosion tests
图 6 侵彻作用下靶体纵切面的损伤云图以及最终的损伤分布和开裂破坏
Figure 6. Damage contours in cross-section and final distributions of damage and cracking under penetration
图 7 侵彻后爆炸阶段靶体纵切面的损伤云图以及最终的损伤分布和开裂破坏
Figure 7. Damage contours in cross-section and final distributions of damage and cracking under explosion after penetration test
图 10 预制孔装药爆炸作用下UHPC板的损伤云图和开裂破坏
Figure 10. Damage contours and cracking failure of UHPC slab under prefabricated hole charge explosion test
图 11 弹体侵彻爆炸作用下遮弹层的临界破坏模式
Figure 11. Critical failure patterns of shield under combined effect of penetration and explosion
图 12 3种原型战斗部侵彻爆炸联合作用下遮弹层为临界贯穿破坏时遮弹层的损伤云图和开裂破坏
Figure 12. Damage contours and failure cracking of critical perforated shield under the combined effect of penetration and explosion of three warheads
图 13 3种原型战斗部侵彻爆炸联合作用下遮弹层为临界震塌破坏时遮弹层的损伤云图和开裂破坏
Figure 13. Damage contours and failure cracking of critical scabbed shield under the combined effect of penetration and explosion of three warheads
图 14 3种战斗部侵彻爆炸联合作用下NSC和UHPC遮弹层的对比
Figure 14. Comparsions of NSC and UHPC shields under the combined effect of penetration and explosion of three warheads
图 15 SDB侵彻爆炸联合作用下遮弹层发生临界贯穿和震塌破坏时靶体中典型失效单元的压力时程曲线
Figure 15. Pressure-time histories of typical failure elements in the critical perforated and scabbed shields under the combined effect of penetration and explosion of SDB warhead
表 1 UHPC的配合比
Table 1. Mix proportions of UHPC
kg/m3 水泥 硅灰 砂 矿渣 减水剂 水 消泡剂 钢纤维 1000 200 1200 100 20 180 3 156 
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表 2 TNT和空气的材料模型和状态方程参数
Table 2. Material model and equation of state parameters of TNT and air
材料 密度/（kg·m−3） 爆速/（m·s−1） 爆压/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω TNT 1630 6930 21 374 3.75 4.15 1.0 0.35 材料 密度/（kg·m−3） 初始单位体积内能/MPa 绝热指数 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 空气 1.29 0.25 1.4 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0
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表 3 UHPC的材料模型参数
Table 3. Material model parameters of UHPC
密度/(kg·m−3) 单轴压缩强度/MPa 单轴拉伸强度/MPa 剪切模量/GPa 体积模量/GPa 2500 135.7 9.59 20.9 27.9
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表 4 3种战斗部参数
Table 4. Parameters of three warheads
战斗部 直径/mm 总质量/kg 长度/mm 壁厚/mm 头部曲径比 等效TNT质量/kg 等效TNT装药高度/m SDB 152 113 1800 10.8 3 23 0.778 WDU-43/B 234 454 2400 41.5 9 100 1.427 BLU-109/B 368 874 2510 25.4 3 324 1.870
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表 5 3种战斗部侵彻爆炸联合作用下UHPC和NSC遮弹层的计算结果
Table 5. Simulation results of UHPC and NSC shields under the combined effect of penetration and explosion of three warheads
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