A study of the failure of cased charge under impact of reactive fragments
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摘要: 为了研究反应破片对带壳装药的冲击毁伤效应，通过弹道实验和AUTODYN有限元仿真，结合由等效破片初速和等效格尼速度表征的带壳装药各失效等级判据，获得并对比了惰性破片和反应破片冲击下带壳装药的等效破片初速、等效格尼速度、带壳装药的反应持续时间、鉴证靶破坏情况和炸药层峰值压力，分析了反应破片靶后释能特点对带壳装药失效的影响。结果表明：惰性破片可使带壳装药发生正常爆轰失效；反应破片穿靶后的动能与化学能叠加效应弱，只能使带壳装药发生爆燃失效或爆炸失效，带壳装药的等效格尼速度与格尼速度的比为0.014~0.233，炸药层峰值压力为1.04~3.62 GPa。Abstract: Reactive fragments are composed of multifunctional impact reactive structural materials. After reactive fragments penetrate the front target of warhead, the debris cloud generated by the sufficient reaction of reactive material will damage the medium behind the target in the form of kinetic energy-chemical energy coupling damage. Ballistic impact experiments and finite element simulations were conducted to investigate the impact damage effect of reactive fragments on cased charge. Based on the criteria for failure levels of cased charge characterized by equivalent fragments initial velocity and equivalent gurney velocity, the ratio of the equivalent gurney velocity under abnormal detonation conditions to gurney velocity or the ratio of the equivalent fragments initial velocity under abnormal detonation conditions to the fragments initial velocity is used to measure the reaction violence of the cased charge. Equivalent gurney velocity of cased charge under impact of inert fragments and reactive fragments, response duration of cased charge, the damage of the authentication target, and the peak pressure of explosive layer are compared. The influence of energy release characteristics of reactive fragments on the failure of cased charge is also analyzed. The results show that explosive detonate under the impact of inert fragments, while explosive deflagrate or explode under the impact of reactive fragments. The steel verification target only presents significant circular pit during explosive detonation. The explosive detonation process captured by high-speed photography is on the microsecond scale, while the explosive explosion or deflagration process is on the millisecond scale. Under the penetration of six reactive fragments, the corresponding ratio of equivalent gurney velocity to gurney velocity ranges from 0.014 to 0.233, which is far below the ratio of equivalent gurney velocity to gurney velocity under the condition of inert fragments penetrating cased charges. By using AUTODYN, the peak pressure at the observation point on the axis of the cased charge during detonation failure under the penetration of inert fragments ranges from 17.3 to 34.5 GPa, while the peak pressure of cased charge during deflagration failure under the penetration of reactive fragments ranges from 1.04 to 3.62 GPa, which is far below the critical detonation pressure. Based on the ratio of the equivalent gurney velocity to gurney velocity, the peak pressure of explosive and superimposed effect of kinetic energy and chemical energy of reactive fragments, the idea that it is difficult to detonate cased charge under the penetration of reactive fragments is proposed.
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图 1 轴对称等壁厚带壳装药结构一端轴线起爆条件下破片初速随弹轴的分布
Figure 1. Axial distribution of fragments velocity of axial symmetry and equal wall thickness cased charge under one axis detonating condition
图 2 实验布局示意图及现场布置
Figure 2. Schematic of terminal ballistic experimental setup and experiment environment
图 5 破片冲击带壳装药后的钢鉴证靶损伤
Figure 5. Damage of steel identification target after fragments impacting cased charge
图 6 破片冲击带壳装药后试件失效的典型高速摄影照片
Figure 6. Typical high-speed photography of specimen failure after fragments impacting cased charge
图 8 惰性破片冲击带壳装药时壳体观测点的峰值压力时程曲线
Figure 8. Peak pressure histories at the observation points of the casing when inert fragments impacting cased charge
图 9 反应破片作用下炸药各观测点的峰值压力
Figure 9. Peak pressure at observation points of explosives under the impact of reactive fragments
表 1 反应破片参数
Table 1. Parameters of reactive fragments
破片序号 破片类型 破片尺寸/mm 材料组成 质量/g 1 惰性破片 $\varnothing $12×12 45钢 10.44 2 反应破片 $\varnothing $12×18 DU/PTFE 16.46 3 反应破片 $\varnothing $12×18 Al/PTFE 4.32 4 反应破片 $\varnothing $12×18 DU/PTFE 16.27 5 反应破片 $\varnothing $12×18 DU/PTFE 7.32 6 反应破片 $\varnothing $12×18 DU/PTFE 7.40 7 反应破片 $\varnothing $12×18 DU/PTFE 12.53 
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表 2 Al/PTFE材料的强度模型参数和状态方程参数[19]
Table 2. Strength model parameters and equation of state parameters of Al/PTFE[19]
强度模型参数 状态方程参数 A0/MPa B0/MPa n C0 m Tm/K C1/(m·s−1) S1 γ0 8.044 250.6 1.8 0.4 1.426 500 1450 2.2584 0.9
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表 3 反应破片和惰性破片冲击带壳装药的实验结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of experimental results between reactive fragments and inert fragments impacting cased charge
破片序号 着靶速度/(m·s−1) vxSi/(m·s−1) $\sqrt{{{2E_{{\mathrm{S}}_i}}}}$/(m·s−1) kEi 鉴证靶破坏情况 炸药失效等级 1 1210 1198 2598.7 0.964 圆形凹坑 正常爆轰 2 934 290 629.1 0.233 无凹坑 爆炸 3 1298 17 36.9 0.014 无凹坑 爆燃 4 869 186 403.5 0.160 无凹坑 爆燃 5 888 159 344.9 0.128 无凹坑 爆燃 6 875 26 56.4 0.021 无凹坑 爆燃 7 927 132 286.3 0.106 无凹坑 爆燃
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表 4 惰性破片和反应破片冲击带壳装药的实验与仿真结果对比
Table 4. Comparison of experimental and simulation results of inert fragments and reactive fragments impacting cased charge
破片序号 vxSi $\sqrt{{{2E_{{\mathrm{S}}_i}}}} $ kEi 实验/(m·s−1) 仿真/(m·s−1) 误差/% 实验/(m·s−1) 仿真/(m·s−1) 误差/% 实验 仿真 误差/% 1 1198.0 1211.3 1.11 2598.7 2627.5 1.11 0.9640 0.9740 1.04 3 17.0 18.2 7.06 36.9 39.5 7.04 0.0137 0.0146 6.57
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