Low-velocity impact responses of shear-thickening fluid-filled honeycomb sandwich structures
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摘要: 将气相二氧化硅颗粒与聚乙二醇溶液混合制备的剪切增稠液（shear-thickening fluid, STF）填充到蜂窝芯层中，制成了STF填充蜂窝夹芯板。通过落锤冲击实验，研究了冲击速度（1.0、1.5、2.0 m/s）、蜂窝孔径（2.0、2.5、3.0 mm）和壁厚（0.04、0.06、0.08 mm）对夹芯板力学性能的影响。利用数字图像相关技术测量了结构的应变历史和后面板挠度场的分布情况，探讨了结构的低速冲击响应过程。实验结果表明，在低速冲击下，未填充STF蜂窝夹芯板的变形模式为后面板中心区域凸起变形，周围区域有明显鼓包变形；填充STF蜂窝夹芯板的变形模式为后面板凸起变形且局部凸起区域较大，周围无鼓包产生。STF的剪切增稠效应可以增加参与能量吸收的蜂窝单元，扩大结构的局部变形区域，减小结构的后面板挠度。提高冲击速度、增大蜂窝孔径或者减小壁厚，都更有利于STF的剪切增稠效应。Abstract: As an environmentally friendly energy-absorbing material, shear-thickening fluid (STF) can be applied to protective structures to improve impact resistance. STF was obtained by mixing fumed silica particles with polyethylene glycol solution. It was then filled into a honeycomb core layer to make STF-filled honeycomb sandwich panels. Finally, the effect of STF on the impact resistance of the structure was explored. The impact force-displacement curves were obtained by using the drop weight impact experiment, and the effects of impact velocity (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 m/s), honeycomb aperture diameter (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm), and wall thickness (0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mm) on the mechanical properties of the sandwich panel were studied. At the same time, digital image correlation technology was utilized, which is an optical method for measuring the deformation of the surface of an object. By comparing the pixel displacements in multiple images, the strain history and deflection field distribution of the back panel of the structure were obtained, and the low-velocity impact response process of the structure was discussed. The experimental results show that under low-velocity impact, there is bump deformation in the center area of the back panel of the STF-unfilled honeycomb sandwich panel, and there is obvious bulging deformation in the surrounding area. The central area of the back panel of the STF-filled honeycomb sandwich panels has a wider range of bump deformations and no bulging around it. The shear-thickening effect of STF can increase the honeycomb elements involved in energy absorption, expand the local deformation area of the structure, and reduce the deflection of the back panel of the structure. Increasing the impact velocity, increasing the honeycomb aperture diameter, or decreasing the wall thickness are all more conducive to the shear-thickening effect of STF. The results provide a reference for the application of STF in protective structures.
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图 2 消除气泡前后的蜂窝芯层以及成型的试件
Figure 2. Honeycomb core layers before and after eliminating air bubbles and a molded specimen
图 3 剪切增稠液的制备及其流变性能测试结果
Figure 3. Preparation of shear-thickening fluid and the testing results of its rheological properties
图 5 落锤冲击STF样品示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the impact of a drop hammer on the STF sample
图 6 落锤以不同速度冲击STF时冲击载荷随下降位移的变化
Figure 6. Variation of impact force with falling displacement of the hammer impacting STF at different initial impact velocities
图 7 不同时刻HP-STF-MS 结构在x方向上的应变分布
Figure 7. Strain distribution of HP-STF-MS structure in the x direction at different times
图 8 不同时刻HP-STF-MS 结构在y方向上的应变分布
Figure 8. Strain distribution of HP-STF-MS structure in the y direction at different times
图 9 蜂窝夹芯板结构的力-位移曲线
Figure 9. Force displacement curves of honeycomb sandwich structures
图 11 蜂窝夹芯板结构的低速冲击响应
Figure 11. Low-velocity impact response of honeycomb sandwich structures
图 12 不同蜂窝孔径结构力-位移曲线
Figure 12. Force-displacement curves of different honeycomb aperture structures
图 14 不同蜂窝孔径结构的后面板挠度
Figure 14. Rear panel deflection of different honeycomb aperture structures
图 16 不同蜂窝壁厚结构力-位移曲线
Figure 16. Force-displacement curves of structures with different honeycomb wall thicknesses
图 17 不同蜂窝壁厚结构剖面
Figure 17. Profiles of structures with different honeycomb wall thicknesses
图 18 不同蜂窝壁厚结构的后面板挠度
Figure 18. Rear panel deflection of structures with different honeycomb wall thicknesses
表 1 结构部件材料的具体参数
Table 1. Specific parameters of structural component materials
结构部件 材料类型 密度/(kg·m−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 屈服强度/MPa 面板 铝合金A5052 2700 70 0.3 325 蜂窝芯层 铝合金1350-H19 2680 69 0.3 165 
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表 2 落锤以不同速度对STF的冲击结果
Table 2. Impact results of a drop hammer on STF at different impact velocities
速度/(m·s−1) 冲击载荷峰值/N 位移峰值/mm 吸能/J 0.1 124.2 52.2 3.7 0.2 182.0 60.0 4.9 0.3 207.8 50.7 4.3 0.4 232.6 56.5 4.9 0.5 291.9 55.1 5.2 0.6 437.0 48.7 5.1 0.7 658.9 43.0 4.9 0.8 874.3 39.6 5.2 0.9 1135.0 36.0 5.3
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