不同海拔高度炮口冲击波动态演化特性数值模拟研究

康越; 马天; 王俊龙; 张逸之; 张文博; 韩笑; 栗志杰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0108

不同海拔高度炮口冲击波动态演化特性数值模拟研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0108

康越^1,,
马天¹,
王俊龙^{1, 2},
张逸之³,
张文博⁴,
韩笑¹,
栗志杰^5, ,

1.
军事科学院系统工程研究院，北京 100010
2.
湘潭大学物理与光电工程学院，湖南湘潭 411105
3.
清华大学航天航空学院，北京 100084
4.
大连理工大学机械工程学院，辽宁大连 116024
5.
清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084

详细信息

作者简介:
康　越（1989－　），男，博士，高级工程师，goodluckky@163.com

通讯作者:
栗志杰（1987－　），男，博士，助理研究员，lizhijie_20082006@163.com

中图分类号: O382
计量
- 文章访问数: 84
- HTML全文浏览量: 62
- PDF下载量: 45
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-15
- 修回日期: 2024-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-01

Numerical simulation study on the dynamic evolution characteristics of muzzle shock waves at different altitudes

KANG Yue^1
,,
MA Tian¹,
WANG Junlong^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yizhi³,
ZHANG Wenbo⁴,
HAN Xiao¹,
LI Zhijie^{5
, ,}

1.
Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China
2.
School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
3.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
4.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
5.
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 基于耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日（coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian, CEL）法建立了“火药燃气-炮管/炮弹-空气”流固耦合模型，分别对低海拔（海拔高度0 m）、中海拔（海拔高度1000 m）、亚高海拔（海拔高度3000 m）和高海拔（海拔高度5000 m）环境下大口径火炮的发射过程进行了数值模拟，研究了海拔高度对炮口冲击波动态演化过程的影响机制。模拟结果表明，大口径火炮炮口冲击波动态演化过程具有显著的方向依赖性，炮口冲击波峰值压力随海拔高度的增加而降低，峰值压力与环境压力近似呈线性关系；形成于炮口制退器处的侧向冲击波主导了操炮人员典型作业区域（炮口后方3～5 m）的冲击波超压峰值，在不同海拔条件下进行火炮射击都可致操炮人员听觉器官发生损伤，并对非听觉器官造成威胁。因此，亟需提高操炮人员个体装备防护性能，从而形成对眼、耳、肺和脑等重要器官的有效保护。
- 炮口冲击波 /
- 流固耦合模型 /
- 海拔高度 /
- 人员防护
Abstract: Based on the coupled Euler-Lagrangian (CEL) method, a fluid-solid coupling model of gunpowder gas-barrel/cannonball-air is established. Numerical simulations are carried out on the launching process of large-caliber artillery shells in low altitude (altitude 0 m), medium altitude (altitude 1000 m), sub-high altitude (altitude 3000 m) and high altitude (altitude 5000 m) environments, and the comparative studies are conducted on the influence mechanism of altitudes on the dynamic evolution characteristics of muzzle shock waves. The simulation results show that the dynamic evolution process of the muzzle shock wave has significant direction dependence. The peak pressure of the muzzle shock wave will decrease as the altitude increases (namely the ambient pressure decreases), and the decrease of peak pressure is approximately linear to the change of ambient pressure . Increasing altitude will reduce the pressure peak of the muzzle shock wave for the same position (same distance and direction). The lateral muzzle shock wave, formed at the muzzle brake, dominates the pressure peak in the typical operating zone of the artillery operators (3–5 m behind the muzzle). The pressure peak value and effective action time at different altitudes can cause damage to the hearing organs, and induce the threat to the non-hearing organs. Therefore, the protection capabilities of artillery operators’ equipment is urgently needed to be improved, providing the effective protection for the important organs, such as ears, eyes, lungs and brains.
- muzzle shock wave /
- fluid-structure coupling model /
- altitude /
- personal protection

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图 1 “火药燃气-炮管/炮弹-空气”流固耦合模型

Figure 1. Fluid-structure interaction model of gunpowder gas-barrel/cannonball-air

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图 2 炮弹前平面激波的动态演化过程

Figure 2. Dynamic evolution process of plane shock wave before cannonball

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图 3 炮弹运动到不同位置时火药燃气的压力、炮弹的速度和弹前的激波压力

Figure 3. Gunpowder gas pressure and cannonball velocity as well as shock wave pressure before cannonball when the cannonball moves to different positions

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图 4 初始冲击波流场速度和流场压力的动态演化

Figure 4. Dynamic evolution of flow field velocity and pressure of initial shock wave

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图 5 初始冲击波波系结构

Figure 5. Muzzle blast loaded structure of initial shock wave

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图 6 炮口冲击波火药燃气分布、流场压力与流场速度的动态演化

Figure 6. Dynamic evolution of gunpowder gas distribution, flow field pressure and velocity of muzzle blast

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图 7 平原与高原环境下的炮弹速度

Figure 7. Velocity of cannonball in the plain and plateau environments

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图 8 低海拔与高海拔环境下炮口流场压力对比

Figure 8. Comparison of muzzle flow field pressure between the plateau and plain environments

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图 9 平原与高原环境下火药燃气分布

Figure 9. Distribution of gunpowder gas in the plain and plateau environments

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图 10 典型传播方向与测点位置布置示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of typical propagation direction and measuring points

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图 11 炮口冲击波在不同传播方向上的动态演化特性

Figure 11. Dynamic evolution characteristics of the muzzle blast along different orientations

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图 12 炮口冲击波在R₄与R₅特征位置处的动态演化过程

Figure 12. Dynamic evolution process of muzzle blast at the characteristic positions of R₄ and R₅

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图 13 炮口冲击波超压峰值衰减系数

Figure 13. Attenuation coefficient of muzzle blast peak overpressure

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图 14 不同海拔高度特征位置处峰值压力

Figure 14. Peak pressure of characteristic positions at different altitudes

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图 15 特征位置处峰值压力与不同海拔高度下参考大气压力之间的关系

Figure 15. Relationship between the peak pressure of characteristic positions and the reference atmospheric pressure at different altitudes

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表 1 不同海波高度下操炮人员典型作业区域特征位置处的超压峰值和器官损伤持续时间

Table 1. Peak overpressure of characteristic positions in the typical operating zone of artillery operators at different altitudes and the corresponding duration time of organ damage

海拔	特征位置/m	超压峰值/kPa	损伤持续时间/ms
海拔	特征位置/m	超压峰值/kPa	听觉器官	非听觉器官
低	3.0	52.0	2.25	1.30
	4.0	27.9	3.25	0.80
	5.0	20.2	3.00	0
中	3.0	44.9	2.20	1.25
	4.0	26.5	3.00	0.75
	5.0	19.7	3.20	0
亚高	3.0	39.8	2.75	1.00
	4.0	23.1	2.50	0.50
	5.0	18.4	2.75	0
高	3.0	33.7	2.50	0.90
	4.0	22.2	2.00	0.30
	5.0	17.0	2.75	0

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表 2 炮口冲击波下听觉器官的损伤阈值^[30]

Table 2. Safety limits of human auditory organ damage risk under muzzle blast^[30]

有效持续时间/ms	安全限值/kPa
有效持续时间/ms	1发	3发	10发	50发	100发	300发	500发
1.6	12.30	8.84	6.16	3.80	3.09	2.22	1.91
3.0	10.18	7.32	5.10	3.15	2.56	1.84	1.58

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表 3 炮口冲击波下非听觉器官损伤阈值^[31]

Table 3. Safety limit of human non-auditory organ damage risk under muzzle blast^[31]

有效持续时间/ms	安全限值/kPa
有效持续时间/ms	1发	5发	10发	15发	20发	30发	60发	80发	100发
1	41.2	36.3	34.3	33.0	32.2	31.0	28.9	28.0	27.3
2	39.1	34.3	32.2	31.0	31.0	28.9	26.8	25.9	25.3

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