Response of CL-20-based high-detonation-velocity pressed explosive to drop-hammer impact
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摘要: 针对典型CL-20基高爆速压装炸药（C-1, 94.5% CL-20+5.5%助剂）的发射安全性问题，开展400 kg大型落锤试验对压装炸药C-1的冲击响应特性进行研究。同时，采用改进的应力率表征法及下限值法、特性落高法分别对该炸药的落锤冲击响应特性进行表征，并与同类压装炸药JO-8和JH-2进行了对比。得到了不同落高下3种压装炸药底部实测应力曲线及表征参数，并讨论了3种炸药撞击感度的差异及C-1炸药撞击感度的影响因素。结果表明，改进的应力率表征法对炸药撞击感度的表征具有一定有效性和普适性，与其他方法对撞击感度规律的反映具有一致性。C-1炸药的特性落高（H50）为1 m，分别为JO-8和JH-2炸药特性落高的62.50%和50.00%；C-1炸药不发生爆轰对应的后坐应力峰值（σ0）为748.90 MPa，分别为JO-8和JH-2的85.42%和64.33%；C-1的安全应力率参数（C0）为344 GPa2/s，分别为JO-8和JH-2的45.87%和39.14%。CL-20的分子结构、C-1药柱的力学性能和热-化特性是造成其撞击感度高于JO-8和JH-2撞击感度的主要因素。Abstract: For the launch safety problem of the typical CL-20-based high detonation velocity pressed explosive (C-1, 94.5% CL-20+5.5% additive), the impact response characteristics of the explosive were studied by a large-scale hammer test with 400 kg, which has an impact loading curve similar to the loading characteristics of artillery chamber pressure. Meanwhile, the improved stress rate characterization method, the lower limit method, and the drop height method were used to characterize the drop hammer impact response characteristics of the explosive, and compared with the same kind of pressed explosives JO-8 and JH-2. The improved stress rate characterization method is obtained by improving the data processing process based on existing criteria and weakening the sensitivity of the original criterion formula to oscillatory waveforms. The measured stress curves and characterization parameters of the bottom of the three pressed explosives under different drop heights are obtained by tests, and the impact sensitivity differences of the explosives and influence factors of the impact sensitivity of C-1 are discussed. The results show that the improved stress rate characterization method has certain effectiveness and universality for characterizing the impact sensitivity of explosives. Meanwhile, the improved stress rate characterization method is consistent with other methods in reflecting the law. The drop height of C-1 (H50) is 1.0 m, which is 62.5% and 50.0% of JO-8 and JH-2, respectively; the peak stress of the backseat corresponding to non-detonation (σ0) is 748.90 MPa, which is 85.42% and 64.33% of JO-8 and JH-2, respectively; the safety stress rate parameter (C0) is 344 GPa2/s, which is 45.87% and 39.14% of JO-8 and JH-2, respectively. The molecular structure of CL-20, the mechanical properties, and the thermal-chemical characteristics of the C-1 explosive cylinder are the main factors that make its impact sensitivity higher than JO-8 and JH-2. The research results can provide a reference for the application and design calculation of CL-20-based high detonation velocity pressed explosives in a high overload environment.
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图 13 对比炸药累积加载速率-时间曲线
Figure 13. Cumulative loading rate-time curves of comparison tests
图 14 3种典型炸药的应力峰值随落高的变化
Figure 14. Stress peaks of three typical explosives varied with drop height
表 1 不同落高落锤试验结果
Table 1. Results of drop-hammer tests at different heights
落高/m 爆轰概率/% 落高/m 爆轰概率/% 0.8 0 1.1 100 0.9 0 1.2 100 1.0 50 1.5 100 
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表 2 C-1炸药冲击响应特性表征
Table 2. Impact response characterization of explosive C-1
特性落高法 下限值法 应力率表征法 H50/m σ50/MPa H0/m σ0/MPa C0/(GPa2·s−1) 1.0 776.79 0.9 748.90 344
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