针对个体防护的冲击波检测评估技术

胡勇; 马天; 王俊龙; 杜智博; 黄献聪; 嵇海宁; 魏慧琳; 柳占立; 康越

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0118

针对个体防护的冲击波检测评估技术

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0118

胡勇^{1, 2,},
马天¹,
王俊龙^{1, 3},
杜智博²,
黄献聪¹,
嵇海宁³,
魏慧琳¹,
柳占立²,
康越^1, ,

1.
军事科学院系统工程研究院，北京 100010
2.
清华大学航天航空学院，北京 100084
3.
湘潭大学物理与光电工程学院，湖南湘潭 411105

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（62103437）

详细信息

作者简介:
胡　勇（1989－　），男，博士研究生，助理研究员，huyong21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

通讯作者:
康　越（1989－　），男，博士，高级工程师，goodluckky@163.com

中图分类号: O384
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- 文章访问数: 9
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-29
- 修回日期: 2024-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-21

Shock wave detection and evaluation techniques for individual protection

HU Yong^{1, 2
,},
MA Tian¹,
WANG Junlong^{1, 3},
DU Zhibo²,
HUANG Xiancong¹,
JI Haining³,
WEI Huilin¹,
LIU Zhanli²,
KANG Yue^{1
, ,}

1.
Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 100010, China
2.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3.
School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 随着新型弹药和大口径重炮的大规模使用，由爆炸冲击所致非接触式杀伤模式正在快速替代原先由子弹、破片等造成的直接接触性杀伤，其杀伤威力、精度等对作战人员和装备更具威胁。本文中将从介绍爆炸冲击波典型测试环境和方法入手，通过综述爆炸冲击监测传感技术和爆炸冲击流场重构技术分析总结发展趋势，最后对国外典型便携式爆炸冲击波传感系统应用情况进行了简单介绍，为我国相关产品研发提供借鉴经验。冲击波压力传感器向着小型化、标准化、集成化和智能化研究方向发展，同时大力发展新型传感技术研究。以计算流体力学数据和实验数据为基础，在爆炸波信号处理、流场重构中引入人工智能技术；开发具有我国自主知识产权的便携式爆炸冲击检测评估系统，为极端环境下特殊行业从业人员的防护、救治提供快速分类和快速诊疗依据。
- 爆炸冲击波 /
- 冲击波传感器 /
- 信号处理 /
- 个体防护 /
- 冲击波测试
Abstract: With the wide application of new types of ammunition and large-caliber heavy artillery, the non-contact killing mode caused by explosive shock is rapidly replacing the original direct contact killing caused by bullets, fragments, etc., and its killing power, precision, etc., on the combat personnel and equipment is more threatening. This paper will start from the introduction of the typical test environment and methods of explosive shock wave, through an overview of the explosive impact monitoring and sensing technology and explosive impact flow field reconstruction technology analysis to summarize the development trend, and finally the application of portable explosive shock wave sensing system in the foreign military was briefly introduced for the research and development of China's related products to provide reference experience. At present, the most commonly used sensors in explosion impact tests are overpressure sensors and acceleration sensors. Among them, overpressure sensors can be divided into piezoresistive sensor, piezoelectric sensor and fiber-optic sensor; acceleration sensors cloud be divided into piezoresistive acceleration sensors, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, capacitive acceleration sensors, resonance acceleration sensors, electron tunneling acceleration sensors, thermal convection acceleration sensors and optical acceleration sensors (space light acceleration sensors, fiber-optic acceleration sensors). accelerometers, fiber optic accelerometers). The demanding testing environment requires all sensors to have high frequency response , good detection linear characteristics, high signal-to-noise ratio, high sensitivity, good anti-interference performance, and excellent characteristics such as small size and light weight. Shock wave over-pressure sensor toward miniaturization, standardization, integration and intelligent research direction, while vigorously developing new sensing technology research. Based on CFD data and experimental data, artificial intelligence technology is introduced into the explosion wave signal processing and flow field reconstruction; portable explosion impact detection and evaluation system with independent intellectual property rights in China is developed to provide rapid classification and rapid diagnosis and treatment basis for the protection and rescue of special industry practitioners in extreme environments.
- shock waves /
- shock wave sensors /
- signal processing /
- personal protection /
- shock wave testing

HTML全文

图 1 不同结构传感器示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of different structures of sensors

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图 2 几种典型的EFPI型光纤传感器结构示意图^[128]

Figure 2. Schematic structures of several typical EFPI-type fiber optic sensors^[128]

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图 3 5 psi传感器实测冲击信号及其重构信号时域图（1 psi=6.9 kPa）^[169]

Figure 3. Time-domain plot of the measured shock signal of the 5 psi sensor and its reconstructed signal (1 psi = 6.9 kPa) ^[169]

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图 4 数模融合的实时框架流程图^[204]

Figure 4. Real-time framework diagram for numerical model fusion^[204]

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表 1 几种测试环境的优缺点对比

Table 1. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of several test environments

测试环境	优点	缺点
自由场实爆环境	可真实还原实际爆炸场景；适合大型(全尺寸)模型测试；可开展不同当量测试试验	受天气和环境因素影响较大；数据采集影响因素多；试验成本较高
激波管测试环境	测试环境可控，影响较小；试验安全性较高；试验成本相对较低	空间受限，无法开展全尺寸测试；后期维护成本高；无法完全模拟实际爆炸环境
机械碰撞模拟冲击系统	试验设备投入小，成本低	载荷谱控制不理想，调试周期较长；被试样品尺寸较小
精确可控模拟冲击系统	试验重复性、可控性较好；在一定程度上，消除了采集的 “寄生”效应。	/
爆破室	测试环境安全；可承载多次爆破或单次极端爆破	测试时由于壁面反射作用，导致产生爆炸冲击叠加效应；不同位置爆炸冲击波波形并不均匀

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表 2 几种典型爆炸冲击波超压传感器性能对比

Table 2. Comparison of the performances of several typical explosive shock wave overpressure sensors

品牌/公司	型号	测量范围/psi		灵敏度/（mV∙psi⁻¹）		分辨率/mpsi
PCB	105C系列	100/1000/5000		50/5/1		0.005/20/100
	113B 系列	50/100/200/500(1000)		100/50/25/10		1/1/1/2
	137B 系列	50/250/500/1000		100/20/10/1		10/0.7/1/8.5
Kistler	601CBA	22/50/100/200/500/1000/3626		230/99/49/25/9.9/4.9/1.4		/
扬州科动	KD2004L系列	145/72.5/29/7.25/1.45		0.345/0.69/1.725/6.9/34.5		/

品牌/公司	型号	谐振频率/kHz	上升时间/µs	非线性度/%	质量/g	温度范围/℃
PCB	105C系列	≥ 250	≤ 2	≤ 2	4.3～11.6	−73～+121
	113B 系列	≥ 500	≤ 1	≤ 1	4.5～6	−73～+135
	137B 系列	≥ 400	≤ 6.5	≤ 1	/	−73～+135
Kistler	601CBA	＞215	≤ 1.4	≤ 1	3.6	−55～+120
扬州科动	KD2004L系列	≥ 200	≤ 2	≤ 1	14	−40～+120
注：1 psi=6.9 kPa

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表 3 几种主要加速度传感器性能对比分析

Table 3. Comparative analysis of the performance of several major acceleration sensors

类型	优点	缺点
压阻式加速度传感器	输出线性好；制作简单，造价低；信号处理电路简单	灵敏度较低；受温度影响较大
电压式加速度传感器	响应速度快线性度较好	低频特性欠佳，不宜做静态加速度检测；制作工艺复杂，与集成电路兼容性欠佳
电容式加速度传感器	功耗低；灵敏度高；温度漂移小	易受电磁干扰；接口电路较复杂；输出/输入间非线性度欠佳

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表 4 几种测试方法优缺点对比

Table 4. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of several test methods

测试方法		优点	缺点
非电测法	等效靶法	成本较低、布放简单，可定性/定量评估爆炸威力	定量测试结果不准确，不能准确测得冲击波超压峰值和冲击波随时间变化的曲线信息
	光学测量法	记录直观、实现爆炸冲击波波阵面及流场运动的可视化	定量测试结果不准确，不能准确测得冲击波超压峰值和冲击波随时间变化的曲线信息
	生物实验法	测试结果直观、说服力强	受社会伦理严格限制，专业性较强
电测法	引线电测法	可完整记录冲击波的传播过程，还原冲击波流场信息	现场安装、调试和校准步骤繁琐，且易干扰，易形成测试信号叠加或寄生输出问题
电测法	存储测试法	不需引线、布置方便、抗干扰能力强	设备昂贵，容易丢失测试信息

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