爆炸冲击波作用下聚脲材料对肺冲击伤防护作用的数值模拟研究

刘迪; 陈菁; 张安强; 赵晓东; 张双博; 康建毅; 李朝龙; 曾灵

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0205

爆炸冲击波作用下聚脲材料对肺冲击伤防护作用的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0205

刘迪^{1, 2,},
陈菁^1, ,,
张安强^{1, 2},
赵晓东²,
张双博¹,
康建毅¹,
李朝龙³,
曾灵^{1, 2}

1.
陆军军医大学大坪医院创伤与化学中毒国家重点实验室，重庆400042
2.
陆军军医大学大坪医院战创伤医学中心，重庆 400042
3.
中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院，重庆 401120

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2020-JCJQ-ZD-254-05）；后勤科研重点项目（BLJ23J006）；陆军特色医学中心人才创新能力培养计划（ZXYZZKY03）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　迪（1993－　），女，硕士，助理研究员，heidi678@tmmu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈　菁（1968－　），女，博士，研究员，chenj811@tmmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-27
- 修回日期: 2024-09-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-01

Numerical simulation study on the protective effects of polyurea materials against lung blast injuries under blast wave loading

LIU Di^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Jing^{1
, ,},
ZHANG Anqiang^{1, 2},
ZHAO Xiaodong²,
ZHANG Shuangbo¹,
KANG Jianyi¹,
LI Chaolong³,
ZENG Ling^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
2.
Wound Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
3.
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401120, China

摘要

摘要: 肺冲击伤是爆炸后第一级冲击伤最常见的死因，进行有效防护是减轻伤情、提升救治效能的最优举措。聚脲材料作为躯体防具的研究尚在起步阶段，本研究通过有限元数值模拟探讨了冲击波作用下聚脲材料对肺脏的防护效应及其对冲击波的衰减特性。首先利用LS-DYNA软件模拟冲击波对穿戴防护材料的山羊胸部的直接损伤过程，然后通过实爆测压数据及肺大体伤情进行有效性验证，最后利用该冲击波防护后效应有限元计算模型完成聚脲材料对人员肺冲击伤防护效应的评估。结果表明：右肺朝向爆心时，冲击波肺损伤应力主要集中在右肺下叶，防护模型肺脏整体应力较小，肺所受负压所致肺过牵效应减弱；聚脲材料能够有效衰减到达皮肤和肺脏表面的超压峰值约58.8%，降低胸骨最大线速度约22.4%，且随冲击波压强的增大，衰减能力增强，从而有效降低肺冲击伤的发生率和严重程度。建立的人员防护效应计算机仿真评估模型为新型防护材料用于人员肺冲击伤的防护效能评估、防护后损伤程度预测提供了方法，具有重要的军事和社会意义。
- 爆炸冲击波 /
- 肺冲击伤 /
- 聚脲防护 /
- 超压峰值
Abstract: Lung blast injury is the most common cause of death from primary blast injuries, and effective protection is crucial for mitigating injuries and improving treatment outcomes. Research on polyurea materials as body armor is still in its early stages. This study conducted numerical simulations to investigate the mechanical response of lungs protected by polyurea under blast wave conditions and the attenuation characteristics of polyurea against blast waves. The LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the direct damage process of blast waves on the thorax of goats wearing protective materials, and the validity was verified through field pressure data and gross lung injury observations. Finally, the finite element model of blast wave protection effects was used to evaluate the protective effects of polyurea materials on human lung blast injuries. The results showed that when the right lung faces the blast center, the stress from lung injuries is mainly concentrated in the lower lobe of the right lung. The overall stress in the protected lung model is lower, and the lung overtraction effect caused by the negative pressure is weakened. Polyurea materials can effectively attenuate the peak overpressure on the skin and lung surface by approximately 58.8%, reduce the maximum velocity of the sternum by about 22.4%, and enhance attenuation capacity with increasing blast wave pressure, thereby effectively reducing the incidence and severity of lung blast injuries. The established computer simulation evaluation model for personnel protection effects provides a method for evaluating the protective efficacy of new protective materials against lung blast injuries and predicting post-protection injury severity, with significant military and social implications.
- blast wave /
- lung blast injury /
- polyurea protection /
- peak overpressure

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图 1 山羊胸部有限元模型

Figure 1. Finite element models of the goat thorax

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图 2 压力源正对胸部右侧的冲击波加载模型

Figure 2. The blast wave loading model with a pressure source facing the right side of the thorax

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图 3 实爆试验传感器测压示意图及测压曲线

Figure 3. Diagrams of sensor detection in live explosion test and measured pressure curves

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图 4 500 kPa工况下山羊有限元模型模拟肺最大应力云图与旷场实爆试验4 m处山羊肺大体损伤情况对比

Figure 4. Comparison of lung stress cloud diagram of goat finite element model under 500 kPa condition and gross lung injury in field explosion test at 4 m

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图 5 人员穿戴防护材料的冲击波加载有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element models of personnel wearing protective material for blast wave loading

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图 6 冲击波加载压力场分布

Figure 6. Pressure field distribution of blast wave loading

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图 7 100 kPa工况下无/有防护肺脏内应力的传播

Figure 7. Stress propagation in the lung without and with protection under the 100 kPa condition

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图 8 右肺表面的压力-时间历程

Figure 8. Pressure-time history near the surface of the right lung

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图 9 皮下5 cm处肺矢状面压力-时间历程

Figure 9. Pressure-time histories in the sagittal plane 5 cm below the skin of the right lung

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图 10 右肺内的应力-时间历程

Figure 10. Stress-time histories inside the right lunge

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图 11 聚脲材料对冲击波的衰减规律

Figure 11. Attenuation pattern of blast waves by polyurea material

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图 12 5种工况下胸骨最大线速度响应曲线

Figure 12. Maximum linear velocity response curves of sternum under five conditions

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图 13 防护前后胸骨最大线速度的对应关系

Figure 13. Corresponding relationship of the maximum linear velocities of the sternum before and after protection

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表 1 山羊胸部各组织的材料特性

Table 1. Material properties of various tissues in the goat thorax

组织	ρ/(kg∙m⁻³)	K/MPa	G₀/kPa	G_∞/kPa	β/s⁻¹	E/MPa	μ
胸骨	1250					9500	0.25
软骨	1070					2.5	0.40
肋骨	1080					9500	0.20
脊柱	1330					355	0.26
心脏	1000	744	67	65	0.1
肺脏	600	744	67	65	0.1
皮肤组织	1300	4000	200	195	0.1

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表 2 防护材料的材料特性参数

Table 2. Material properties of protective materials

材料模型	ρ/(kg∙m⁻³)	μ	E/MPa	C/s⁻¹	D
MAT24	1070	0.465	150	98.16	4.52

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表 3 不同工况下人员无/有防护肺脏力学响应分布

Table 3. Distribution of intrapulmonary mechanical responses in personnel without and with protection under different conditions

p_s/kPa	肺表面超压峰值/kPa	肺矢状面超压峰值/kPa	肺内峰值应力/kPa
100	117.23/25.55(78.2%)	43.30/15.27(64.7%)	2.35/1.21(48.5%)
300	155.86/47.81(69.3%)	66.58/39.17(41.2%)	10.66/5.05(52.6%)
400	259.60/107.20(58.7%)	113.24/53.30(52.9%)	14.30/6.15(57.0%)
500	395.45/144.60(63.4%)	145.19/69.93(51.8%)	18.38/7.54(59.0%)
700	631.04/178.16(71.8%)	217.42/107.71(50.5%)	23.50/12.19(48.1%)
注：括号内为有防护相对无防护的衰减百分比。

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表 4 不同工况防护材料前后及无防护模型皮肤处超压峰值对比

Table 4. Comparison of overpressure peaks at the skin with and without protective material under different conditions

p_s/kPa	无防护皮肤超压峰值/kPa	有防护材料前超压峰值/kPa	防护材料后超压峰值/kPa
100	128.21(51.5%)	106.69(41.8%)	62.14
300	249.35(49.9%)	217.13(42.5%)	124.91
400	357.10(58.7%)	310.41(52.4%)	147.63
500	598.10(68.2%)	465.39(59.1%)	190.42
700	776.05(65.5%)	724.68(63.1%)	267.61
注：括号内为材料后超压峰值的衰减百分比。

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