Experimental study on mechanical properties of ice shock under different states
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摘要: 为探究非纯净冰和非完整冰在冲击载荷下的动态力学特性，基于改进后的分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统，采用快速加载、杆端降温和波形整形技术，对冻结温度为−10 ℃的完整冰（纯水，含2.5%、3.5%、4.5%盐分，含2.0%、4.5%、8.5%椰丝）和拼接冰（拼接界面倾角30°、60°）进行冲击力学特性研究；利用高速摄像技术记录破坏过程，并结合Mohr-Coulomb强度准则分析拼接冰的破坏模式。结果表明：纯水冰具有最高的抗压强度，添加椰丝的冰样次之，且二者表现出相似的正应变率效应，添加盐分的冰的抗压强度最低，应变率效应也不明显。添加椰丝的冰样的动态抗压强度随椰丝含量的增加先增大后减小；由于椰丝对小粒径碎冰的联结作用，高椰丝含量的冰样的应力-应变曲线易出现“双峰”现象。拼接平面对裂纹扩展和破坏模式均有影响，拼接冰的抗压强度低于完整冰。界面倾角较小时，拼接冰破坏以界面滑移为主；倾角大时，拼接冰以整体破坏为主，与完整冰类似。Abstract: To investigate the dynamic mechanical characterization of non-pure and non-intact ice materials under impact loads, a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used. Rapid loading, rod end cooling and waveform shaping techniques were used to ensure the stability of the ice material and achieve dynamic stress balance during loading. The impact mechanical properties of complete ice (pure water, containing 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% salt, containing 2.0%, 4.5%, 8.5% coconut) and spliced ice (splicing interface inclination 30°, 60°) at freezing temperature of −10 ℃ were studied. The strain rate ranges from 150~250 s−1. The failure process was recorded by using the high-speed camera triggered simultaneously with the pressure rod. The correlation between the stress and strain of the sample, along with the failure process, was determined by analyzing the time history curve of sample. The failure mode of the spliced ice sample was analyzed by combining the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. The results show that the pure water ice exhibits the highest compressive strength, followed by the ice with coconut shreds, and both of them show a positive strain rate effect. However, the compressive strength of the ice with salt addition decreases significantly due to its loose structure and the strain rate effect is not obvious. The dynamic compressive strength of ice samples added with coconut fiber increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of coconut fiber content. Ice samples with high coconut fiber content are prone to "double peak" phenomenon due to the binding effect of coconut fiber on broken ice with small particle size. The splicing plane affects the crack growth, resulting in lower compressive strength than the intact ice sample, and affects the failure mode as well. The ice with small interface inclination is mainly damaged by interface slip, while the ice with large interface inclination is mainly damaged by whole ice, which is similar to the intact ice. The research results provide theoretical basis and method reference for the dynamic mechanical properties of non-pure and non-intact ice materials under impact loads.
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图 3 高/低速冲击下应变片测得的电压曲线对比
Figure 3. Comparison of voltage curves obtained by strain gauge under high/low speed impact
图 5 应变率为200 s−1时完整冰样的应力-应变曲线
Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of intact ice samples at strain rate of 200 s−1
图 6 应变率为200 s−1时纯水冰的冲击破坏过程
Figure 6. Impact failure process of pure water ice at strain rate of 200 s−1
图 7 应变率为200 s−1时纯水冰的应力-时间曲线
Figure 7. Stress-time curve of pure water ice at strain rate of 200 s−1
图 8 不同应变率下完整冰样的抗压强度
Figure 8. Compressive strength of intact ice samples at different strain rates
图 9 纯水冰和含盐冰破坏时的高速摄像图像
Figure 9. High-speed camera images of the destruction of pure ice and salt added ice
图 11 含椰丝冰的破坏过程与破坏结果
Figure 11. Destruction process and result of ice containing shredded coconut
图 12 不同拼接角度下冰样的抗压强度
Figure 12. Compressive strength of ice samples at different splicing angles
图 13 不同应变率下拼接冰的应力-应变曲线
Figure 13. Stress-strain curves of spliced ice at different strain rates
图 14 不同应变率下拼接冰的破坏过程
Figure 14. Failure process of spliced ice at different strain rates
图 16 冰样受载情况与Mohr-Coulomb强度准则
Figure 16. Ice loading and Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion
表 1 实验工况设计
Table 1. Experimental condition design
试样编号 材质 拼接角度/(°) 撞击杆速度/(m·s−1) 1～4 纯水 完整 8、10、12、14 5～8 水+2.5%盐 完整 9～12 水+3.5%盐 完整 13～16 水+4.5%盐 完整 17～20 水+2.0%椰丝 完整 21～24 水+4.5%椰丝 完整 25～28 水+8.5%椰丝 完整 29～32 纯水 30 33～36 纯水 60 
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