基于自由场爆炸的猪鼓膜破裂规律实验研究

向书毅; 薛松波; 杜智博; 赵杨; 王兴皓; 田旭; 高志强; 冯国栋; 费舟; 庄茁; 柳占立

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0255

基于自由场爆炸的猪鼓膜破裂规律实验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0255

向书毅^1,,
薛松波^{2, 3},
杜智博¹,
赵杨³,
王兴皓¹,
田旭³,
高志强³,
冯国栋³,
费舟⁴,
庄茁¹,
柳占立^1, ,

1.
清华大学航天航空学院，北京 100084
2.
中国医学科学院北京协和医学院，北京 100730
3.
中国医学科学院北京协和医院，北京 100730
4.
空军军医大学西京医院，陕西西安 710032

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2020-JCJQ-ZD-254，2022YFC3320502）

详细信息

作者简介:
向书毅（1995－　），女，博士研究生，xiangsy19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

通讯作者:
柳占立（1981－　），男，博士，教授，liuzhanli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-24
- 修回日期: 2024-09-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-01

Experimental study on the law of rupture of pig eardrum based on free-field explosion

1.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2.
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
3.
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
4.
Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因，强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议，例如：指标选择冲量还是超压峰值，正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件，设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台，探究了不同爆炸参数对鼓膜破裂的影响规律，并建立了基于自由场超压峰值和正压持续时间的鼓膜创伤量效关系。通过笔形压力传感器测量自由场超压，通过Friedlander公式拟合超压时程曲线，确定冲击波超压峰值和正压持续时间，并对时域中记录的波形进行归一化能量频谱分析，以确定冲击波在频域上的信号能量分布。对爆炸后的小型猪进行解剖，记录不同爆炸参数下鼓膜创伤程度。以超压峰值和正压持续时间为自变量，对实验数据进行二元逻辑回归分析，并给出鼓膜破裂风险曲线。研究发现，当自由场超压峰值低于170 kPa时，鼓膜无明显损伤；当自由场超压峰值高于237 kPa时，部分鼓膜出现不同程度的破裂和充血。距爆心越近，超压峰值越大，但鼓膜创伤的严重程度并未随之单调增加。在8.0 kg TNT当量的爆炸实验中，鼓膜破裂的严重程度随爆心距的减小呈现先提高再降低的趋势。通过对冲击波载荷特征的分析可知，距爆心越近，正压持续时间越短，高频段能量占比相对更大，小型猪鼓膜破裂的概率可能反而降低，此时仍然出现显著的听力损失和耳蜗损伤。鼓膜作为通过振动传递声信号的黏弹性薄膜结构，其动力学响应可能与载荷频率成分密切相关。除了超压峰值，冲击波波形频谱分布对鼓膜破裂程度影响显著。
- 自由场爆炸 /
- 冲击波 /
- 鼓膜破裂 /
- 听力损失 /
- 致伤风险
Abstract: Mechanical damage to components of the auditory system is the main cause of hearing loss after exposure to blast overpressure waves. There still exist some controversies in high level impulse sound damage risk criteria (DRC). For example, whether average energy or peak overpressure should be used as a main criterion, whether positive duration is important or not, etc. Based on the free-field air explosion, we designed and built a platform for studying blast injuries in large animals. We studied the effect of different explosion parameters on the rupture of the tympanic membrane (TM) and created a relationship between the probability of TM rupture and the dose of the blast wave in terms of peak overpressure and positive duration. The free-field overpressure time history was measured by a pen-shaped pressure sensor. The overpressure time-history curves were fitted by the modified Friedlander equation, thus the peak pressure and positive duration of the blast wave were determined. The impulse pressure energy spectra analysis was performed on the recorded waveforms to determine the signal energy distribution over the frequencies. The degrees of TM rupture of miniature pigs were recorded after dissection under different blast conditions. A two-variable logistic regression was performed on the resulting experimental data for TM rupture risk in terms of peak overpressure and positive duration. The study found that when peak overpressure was lower than 170 kPa, there was no obvious damage to the TM; when peak overpressure was greater than 237 kPa, some of the TMs ruptured or were congested with varying severity. As the distance from the explosion center became smaller, the peak pressure became larger, while the severity of TM damage did not increase monotonically. In the 8.0-kg-TNT equivalent explosion, the severity of TM rupture showed a tendency to increase and then decrease as the distance became smaller. Through the analysis of the blast wave characteristics, we found that the smaller the distance away from the center, the shorter the positive duration and the increase in the high-frequency component of the blast wave. The probability of TM rupture of miniature pigs may decrease, but significant hearing loss and inner ear damage still occur at this time. As a viscoelastic membrane structure that transmits sound through vibration, the dynamic response of the eardrum may be closely related to the frequency spectrum of loads. In addition to the peak pressure, the blast wave waveform may have a significant impact on the degree of TM rupture.
- free-field explosion /
- blast wave /
- tympanic membrane rupture /
- hearing loss /
- damage risk

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图 1 实验中小型猪及压力传感器的布放示意图

Figure 1. Layout diagrams of experimental minipigs and pressure sensors

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图 2 实验小型猪的固定及面部防护

Figure 2. Fixation and facial protection of experimental minipigs

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图 3 1.9 kg TNT当量爆炸距离爆心1.8 m处的实测自由场超压时程曲线以及用Friedlander方程拟合的结果

Figure 3. Measured free-field overpressure-time histories at a distance of 1.8 m away from the explosion center of the1.9-kg-TNT equivalent explosion and the fitting result with the Friedlander equation

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图 4 1.9 kg TNT当量爆炸条件下的距离拟合曲线

Figure 4. Distance-peak pressure and -positive pressure duration fitting curves under 1.9-kg-TNT-equivalent explosion condition

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图 5 8.0 kg TNT当量爆炸条件下的距离拟合曲线

Figure 5. Distance-peak pressure and -positive pressure duration fitting curves under 8.0-kg-TNT-equivalent explosion condition

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图 6 不同爆炸条件下不同爆心距处的归一化能量频谱

Figure 6. Normalized energy flux over 11 frequency bands from below 62.5 Hz to above 16 kHz at different distances away from the explosion centers under different explosion conditions

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图 7 爆炸后损伤鼓膜分类

Figure 7. Classification of damaged eardrum after explosion

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图 8 通过逻辑回归得到的冲击波致小型猪鼓膜破裂概率函数

Figure 8. Logistic regression calculated probability of TM rupture of minipigs caused by blast waves

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图 9 冲击波致小型猪鼓膜破裂风险曲线

Figure 9. Risk curves of TM rupture of minipigs caused by blast waves

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图 10 8.0 kg TNT当量爆炸条件下距爆心2.9 m处小型猪爆炸前后听力功能的改变以及爆炸后耳蜗毛细胞的形态

Figure 10. Hearing function changes of minipigs at a distance of 2.9 m away from the explosion center of 8.0-kg-TNT-equivalent explosion and hair cell morphology of the cochlea after explosion

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表 1 不同爆炸条件下鼓膜创伤率及小型猪致死率

Table 1. Eardum trauma ratios and mortality ratios of minipigs under different explosion conditions

炸药当量/kg	爆心距/m	超压峰值/kPa	正压持续时间/ms	创伤率/%			致死率/%
炸药当量/kg	爆心距/m	超压峰值/kPa	正压持续时间/ms	鼓膜破裂	鼓膜充血	鼓膜无损	致死率/%
1.9	1.8	511.59±30.68	1.40±0.15	25	25	50	0
	2.6	169.97±4.19	2.80±0.01	0	0	100	0
	3.2	96.30±1.38	4.65±0.14	0	0	100	0
8.0	2.6*	628.28	1.30	0	25	75	50
	2.9	528.74	2.11	0	100	0	0
	3.2	378.51±38.57	2.98±0.14	100	0	0	0
	3.8	237.01±15.46	4.26±0.10	50	25	0	0
	4.6	142.13±1.32	5.69±0.11
	5.5	100.43	6.63
注：*8.0 kg TNT当量爆炸条件下距爆心2.6 m处的载荷数据由其他距离参数推算而得。

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