基于自由场爆炸的小型猪内耳听觉损伤模型

薛松波; 向书毅; 赵杨; 杜智博; 王兴皓; 李羿沣; 张家瑞; 费舟; 田旭; 高志强; 庄茁; 柳占立; 冯国栋

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0256

基于自由场爆炸的小型猪内耳听觉损伤模型

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0256

薛松波^{1, 2,},
向书毅³,
赵杨²,
杜智博³,
王兴皓³,
李羿沣³,
张家瑞³,
费舟⁴,
田旭²,
高志强²,
庄茁³,
柳占立³,
冯国栋^2, ,

1.
中国医学科学院北京协和医学院，北京 100730
2.
中国医学科学院北京协和医院，北京 100730
3.
清华大学航天航空学院，北京 100084
4.
空军军医大学西京医院，陕西西安 710032

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2022YFC2402701）

详细信息

作者简介:
薛松波（1995－　），男，博士，xuesongbo_ent@163.com

通讯作者:
冯国栋（1977－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，fgdent2013@163.com

中图分类号: O389
计量
- 文章访问数: 61
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
- PDF下载量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-25
- 修回日期: 2024-10-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-01

An auditory damage model for inner ears of miniature pigs based on free-field explosion

1.
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
2.
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
3.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
4.
Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 建立真实爆炸环境下的小型猪内耳听觉爆炸伤模型，研究不同爆炸冲击波压力对小型猪内耳听觉损伤的影响。选取14头健康小型猪，在爆炸前进行听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response, ABR）测试。搭建自由场爆炸实验平台，使用1.9和8.0 kg TNT炸药，爆源离地面1.8 m，身体固定于防护装置中，仅暴露头部。在不同距离布放小型猪，记录冲击波峰值压力，计算即刻死亡率。爆炸后再次进行ABR测试，并取耳蜗组织进行扫描电镜观察，分析毛细胞损伤情况。在1.8～3.8 m范围内，冲击波峰值压力从96.3 kPa升至628.3 kPa，随着距离的增大，峰值压力减小。8 kg TNT爆炸在2.6 m处（峰值压力628.3 kPa）导致小型猪即刻死亡率为50%。比较爆炸前后ABR阈值发现，短声（click）和各频率短纯音（2、4和8 kHz）诱发的ABR阈值均显著升高（P＜0.05），其中以4 kHz阈值变化最显著。扫描电镜显示，随着冲击波压力的升高，内毛细胞的损伤程度高于外毛细胞。爆炸冲击波可引起小型猪听觉系统的明显损伤，表现为ABR阈值升高和耳蜗毛细胞结构破坏。内毛细胞对爆炸冲击波更敏感。所建立的小型猪爆炸性听觉损伤模型可为研究爆炸伤机制和防护措施提供了重要的实验基础。
- 爆炸伤 /
- 小型猪 /
- 内耳听觉功能 /
- 耳蜗损伤
Abstract: A realistic blast injury model was developed for simulating auditory damage in the inner ears of miniature pigs under controlled explosion conditions to investigate the impact of varying blast shockwave pressures on auditory impairment. Fourteen healthy miniature pigs were selected and underwent auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing prior to exposure to explosions. A free-field explosion platform was constructed utilizing 1.9 kg and 8.0 kg of TNT, with the explosive source 1.8 meters above the ground. The pigs were securely fixed in protective devices, exposing only their head, and placed at varying distances from the blast source. Peak shockwave pressures were measured, and immediate mortality rates were calculated accordingly. Post-explosion ABR tests were conducted, followed by examination of cochlear tissues using scanning electron microscopy to analyze hair cell damage. Shockwave peak pressures ranged from 96.3 kPa to 628.3 kPa over a distance range of 1.8 m to 3.8 m, with pressure decreasing as distance increased. At a distance of 2.6 m, a peak pressure of 628.3 kPa resulted in a mortality ratio of 50%. ABR threshold comparisons before and after the explosion revealed significant increases across all tested frequencies (P < 0.05), with the most notable changes at a frequency of 4 kHz. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that inner hair cells exhibited greater susceptibility to damage compared to outer hair cells, with higher shockwave pressure leading to more sever damage. Blast shockwaves caused substantial auditory system damage to miniature pigs as evidenced by elevated ABR thresholds and destruction of cochlear hair cell. Inner hair cells proved more vulnerable to blast shockwaves. The established model can provide a valuable experimental foundation for further studies on blast injury mechanisms and protective strategies.
- blast injury /
- miniature pig /
- inner ear auditory function /
- cochlear injury

HTML全文

图 1 两次爆炸小型猪布置

Figure 1. Layouts of miniature pigs with two explosions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 小型猪爆炸前后ABR阈值的统计分析

Figure 2. Statistical analysis of ABR threshold before and after explosion of miniature pigs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同爆炸条件下耳蜗损伤情况

Figure 3. Cochlear injury under different explosion conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 TNT 冲击波峰值压力测试及小型猪致死率

Table 1. Results of TNT shock wave overpressure test and mortality of miniature pigs

爆炸当量/kg	到爆心距离/m	峰值压力/kPa	正压持续时间/ms	小型猪即刻死亡率/%
1.9	1.8	511.6	1.40	0（0/2）
	2.6	170.0	2.80	0（0/2）
	3.2	96.3	4.65	0（0/2）
8.0	2.6	628.3	1.30	50（1/2）
	2.9	528.7	2.11	0（0/2）
	3.2	378.5	2.98	0（0/2）
	3.8	237.0	4.26	0（0/2）

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 小型猪爆炸前后ABR声压级阈值的比较

Table 2. Comparison of ABR sound pressure level (SPL) thresholds before and after explosion of miniature pigs

组别	ABR SPL threshold/dB
组别	Click	2 kHz	4 kHz	8 kHz
爆炸前	52.00±8.37	46.00±5.48	54.00±11.40	42.00±13.04
爆炸后	90.00±17.32	84.00±8.94	112.00±10.95	90.00±10.00
P	0.027	0.001	0.000	0.004

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(27)

[1]	SULLIVAN E V. War-related PTSD, blast injury, and anosognosia [J]. Neuropsychology Review, 2012, 22(1): 1–2. DOI: 10.1007/s11065-012-9188-z.
[2]	MCEVOY C B, CRABTREE A, POWELL J R, et al. Cumulative blast exposure estimate model for special operations forces combat soldiers [J]. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2023, 40(3/4): 318–325. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0075.
[3]	PAIK C B, PEI M, OGHALAI J S. Review of blast noise and the auditory system [J]. Hearing Research, 2022, 425: 108459. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108459.
[4]	MIZUTARI K. Blast-induced hearing loss [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B, 2019, 20(2): 111–115. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1700051.
[5]	刁明芳. 爆震伤对听觉系统的损害与影响 [J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志, 2016, 22(3): 254–256. DOI: 10.11798/j.issn.1007-1520.201603022.
[6]	PARK W J, MOON J D. Changes in the mean hearing threshold levels in military aircraft maintenance conscripts [J]. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, 2016, 71(6): 347–352. DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2015.1136588.
[7]	NIWA K, MIZUTARI K, MATSUI T, et al. Pathophysiology of the inner ear after blast injury caused by laser-induced shock wave [J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 31754. DOI: 10.1038/srep31754.
[8]	CHO S I, GAO S S, XIA A P, et al. Mechanisms of hearing loss after blast injury to the ear [J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e67618. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067618.
[9]	谭君武, 彭洪. 传统方法联合银杏叶注射液治疗爆震性聋的临床分析 [J]. 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2015, 33(4): 279–281. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2015.04.013. TAN J W, PENG H. Clinical analysis of Ginkgo biloba injection combined with traditional therapy in treatment of explosive deafness [J]. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2015, 33(4): 279–281. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2015.04.013.
[10]	NAERT G, PASDELOU M P, LE PRELL C G. Use of the guinea pig in studies on the development and prevention of acquired sensorineural hearing loss, with an emphasis on noise [J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019, 146(5): 3743–3769. DOI: 10.1121/1.5132711.
[11]	ARUN P, WILDER D M, EKEN O, et al. Long-term effects of blast exposure: a functional study in rats using an advanced blast simulator [J]. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2020, 37(4): 647–655. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6591.
[12]	JIANG S Y, WELCH P, SANDERS S, et al. Mitigation of hearing damage after repeated blast exposures in animal model of chinchilla [J]. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 2022, 23(5): 603–616. DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00862-2.
[13]	DAHLQUIST A, ELANDER DEGERSTEDT L, VON OELREICH E, et al. Blast polytrauma with hemodynamic shock, hypothermia, hypoventilation and systemic inflammatory response: description of a new porcine model [J]. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2022, 48(1): 401–409. DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01476-0.
[14]	GURR A, STARK T, PROBST G, et al. The temporal bone of lamb and pig as an alternative in ENT-education [J]. Laryngorhinootologie, 2010, 89(1): 17–24. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1224158.
[15]	JIANG S Y, SANDERS S, GAN R Z. Hearing protection and damage mitigation in Chinchillas exposed to repeated low-intensity blasts [J]. Hearing Research, 2023, 429: 108703. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108703.
[16]	ARTERO-GUERRERO J, PERNAS-SÁNCHEZ J, TEIXEIRA-DIAS F. Blast wave dynamics: the influence of the shape of the explosive [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 331: 189–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.035.
[17]	DEWEY J M. An interface to provide the physical properties of the blast wave from a free-field TNT explosion [J]. Shock Waves, 2022, 32(4): 383–390. DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01076-4.
[18]	DION G R, MILLER C L, O’CONNOR P D, et al. Correlation of otologic complaints in soldiers with speech disorders after traumatic brain injury [J]. Journal of Voice, 2014, 28(1): 88–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.08.005.
[19]	CAMPBELL K, CLAUSSEN A, MEECH R, et al. D-methionine (D-met) significantly rescues noise-induced earing loss: timing studies [J]. Hearing Research, 2011, 282(1/2): 138–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.08.003.
[20]	SHAO N N, JIANG S Y, YOUNGER D, et al. Central and peripheral auditory abnormalities in chinchilla animal model of blast-injury [J]. Hearing Research, 2021, 407: 108273. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108273.
[21]	CAMPBELL K C M, MEECH R P, KLEMENS J J, et al. Prevention of noise- and drug-induced hearing loss with D-methionine [J]. Hearing Research, 2007, 226(1/2): 92–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2006.11.012.
[22]	EWERT D L, LU J Z, LI W, et al. Antioxidant treatment reduces blast-induced cochlear damage and hearing loss [J]. Hearing Research, 2012, 285(1/2): 29–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.01.013.
[23]	KIM J, XIA A P, GRILLET N, et al. Osmotic stabilization prevents cochlear synaptopathy after blast trauma [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(21): E4853–E4860. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720121115.
[24]	LIU C C, GAO S S, YUAN T, et al. Biophysical mechanisms underlying outer hair cell loss associated with a shortened tectorial membrane [J]. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 2011, 12(5): 577–594. DOI: 10.1007/s10162-011-0269-0.
[25]	CHEN T, SMITH K, JIANG S Y, et al. Progressive hearing damage after exposure to repeated low-intensity blasts in chinchillas [J]. Hearing Research, 2019, 378: 33–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.010.
[26]	HUANG X Y, XIA B C, CHANG L J, et al. Experimental study on intracranial pressure and biomechanical response in rats under the blast wave [J]. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2024, 41(5/6): 671–684. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0229.
[27]	ANDERSON D A, ARGO T F, GREENE N T. Occluded insertion loss from intracochlear pressure measurements during acoustic shock wave exposure [J]. Hearing Research, 2023, 428: 108669. DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108669.