受冲击荷载后未失效电池力学性能和电性能的劣化

魏和光; 周名哲; 朱瑞卿; 胡玲玲

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0312

受冲击荷载后未失效电池力学性能和电性能的劣化

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0312

魏和光^1,,
周名哲^{1, 2},
朱瑞卿¹,
胡玲玲^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中山大学航空航天学院，广东深圳 518107
2.
中山大学工程力学研究所，广东广州 510275

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12202511，12172388）；深圳市科技计划项目（KJZD20230923114618038）

详细信息

作者简介:
魏和光（2000－　），男，硕士研究生，weihg5@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
胡玲玲（1980－　），女，博士，教授，hulingl@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 140
- HTML全文浏览量: 37
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-28
- 修回日期: 2024-09-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-12

Mechanical and electrical degradation of impaired batteries after impact loading

WEI Heguang^1
,,
ZHOU Mingzhe^{1, 2},
ZHU Ruiqing¹,
HU Lingling^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
2.
Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究小能量冲击对锂电池安全的影响，通过冲击-压缩顺序加载实验对受动态荷载后未失效的软包电池二次受载时的力学响应及失效行为进行评估，结合电性能测试与内部结构损伤分析探究较弱冲击荷载下的电池性能劣化行为，并据此提出弱冲击后电池状态量化评估方法。结果表明：3、5和7 J的冲击能量下电池即使未失效，其内部机械完整性也已经受到一定损伤，再次受载时的失效位移相比新电池分别约降低18%、21%和34%；失效对应变形能分别下降40%、47%和67%，且电性能劣化现象明显，容量分别变为新电池的99.4%、93.6%和87.9%；内阻分别上升4.2%、16.2%和28.7%。二次承载能力下降和电性能劣化程度与冲击能量呈正相关。揭示了电极的冲击变形损伤与电池整体力电性能变化的联系。
- 锂离子电池 /
- 碰撞失效 /
- 性能劣化 /
- 二次加载 /
- 冲击动力学
Abstract: Lithium-ion battery combustion accidents are known for their rapid onset and difficulty in extinguishment, raising significant safety concerns in environments with collision risks. These risks highlight the need for stringent damage assessment and failure prediction methods for power batteries. While severe collisions can cause immediate catastrophic damage and thermal runaway, most collisions occur at low speeds, where the impact may result in only minor external deformation without immediate failure. However, the potential safety risks associated with continued use of batteries after such minor collisions are not well understood. Current research and battery safety standards primarily focus on immediate or short-term failure after impact, leaving a gap in understanding the long-term effects of low-energy collisions on battery safety. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of low-energy collisions on the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. A shock-compression sequential loading experiment was used to evaluate the mechanical response and failure behavior of pouch batteries under dynamic loading. The study also explored the deterioration of batteries subjected to weaker impact loads through electrochemical performance testing and internal structural damage analysis. The results reveal that even if a battery does not fail immediately under low-impact energy, its internal mechanical integrity may still be compromised, leading to a lower failure threshold under subsequent loads. Significant deterioration in capacity and internal resistance was observed, with the battery’s ability to withstand secondary loads and its electrochemical performance declining as impact energy increased. This indicates a clear correlation between impact-induced deformation and overall battery performance. The study also proposes a quantitative evaluation method for assessing the battery's condition after minor impacts, offering a valuable tool for predicting the risks associated with reusing impacted batteries. These insights are essential for understanding the response mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries under low-energy collision conditions and for optimizing safety standards for their continued use in collision-prone environments.
- lithium-ion batteries /
- impact failure /
- performance degradation /
- second load /
- impact dynamics

HTML全文

图 1 软包电池结构示意图

Figure 1. Pouch battery structure illustration

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图 2 实验流程

Figure 2. Experimental procedure

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图 3 HPPC测试过程中电池相对电流随时间的变化

Figure 3. Variation of relative current in a battery with time during HPPC test

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图 4 电池在不同能量冲击过程中的力电响应

Figure 4. Electrical and mechanical responses of the pouch cells under different impact energy

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图 5 冲击后电池电性能变化

Figure 5. Electrical performance variation of batteries after impact

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图 6 不同能量冲击后，电池首层正负极和隔膜的冲击变形损伤

Figure 6. Impact deformation and damage of the first layers of the positive and negative electrodes and the separators of the batteries impacted by different energies

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图 7 不同能量冲击后，电池第18层正负极的冲击变形损伤

Figure 7. Impact deformation and damage of the 18th layers of the positive and negative electrodes of the batteries impacted by different energies

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图 8 遭遇过不同冲击工况的电池受准静态压入时的力电响应

Figure 8. Mechanical and electrical responses of the batteries impacted by different energies to quasi-static indentation

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图 9 不同冲击工况后电池受准静态压入时的刚度变化

Figure 9. Variation of the stiffness of the batteries impacted by different energies during quasi-static indentation

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图 10 遭受不同能量冲击后电池受准静态压入时的等效刚度、失效位移、峰值力及可承受的变形能

Figure 10. Effective stiffness, failure displacement, peak force and deformation energy at failure of different-energy-impacted batteries under quasi-static indentation

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图 11 冲击后电池电性能和力学性能劣化的量化评估

Figure 11. Quantitative evaluation of electrical and mechanical performance degradation of the impacted batteries

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