Compressive mechanical behavior and constitutive modeling of power lithium-ion battery separators under strain rate-temperature coupling
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摘要: 在锂离子电池的应用中，隔膜的力学性能对电池安全性至关重要。为了系统评估隔膜在应变率和温度耦合条件下的压缩力学行为，在不同应变率和温度条件下进行了准静态和动态压缩测试，并深入分析了温度和应变率的耦合作用对隔膜力学性能的影响。结果表明，隔膜的力学行为对应变率和温度表现出显著的敏感性，在低应变率下，隔膜主要经历塑性变形，而在高应变率下则可能出现复杂的动态失效模式，温度升高导致隔膜的弹性模量和屈服应力降低。温度与应变率的耦合作用通过改变隔膜的失效模式，进一步影响其压缩强度。基于实验数据，进一步建立了考虑温度和应变率耦合效应的电池隔膜非线性黏弹性本构模型，为锂离子电池的安全设计和性能优化提供参考依据。Abstract: As a crucial component to ensure the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the polymer separator plays a significant role in ensuring the mechanical abuse safety of the battery, and its mechanical properties have become an important indicator of battery safety performance. This study focuses on the compressive mechanical behavior of separators in prismatic power batteries under coupled strain rate and temperature conditions. A comprehensive experiment has been conducted including quasi-static and dynamic compression tests across a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. These tests assessed the separator’s mechanical behavior under different strain rates and temperature conditions, with a specific focus on properties and damage mechanism at elevated temperatures and different strain rates. The mechanical response of the separator was meticulously explored, involving an in-depth analysis of strain rate-dependent and temperature-dependent mechanical properties. The results indicated that the separator's mechanical behavior is highly sensitive to both strain rate and temperature. As the strain rate increases, the yield point is reached earlier, causing the separator to yield sooner. Additionally, both the elastic modulus and the yield stress of the separator decrease as the temperature rises. At low strain rates, the yield point shifts forward, whereas at high strain rates, the yield strain increases with temperature. Additionally, the coupled effects of temperature and strain rate were found to alter the damage failure modes, subsequently affecting the separator’s mechanical properties and structural integrity. At low strain rates, the failure of the separator is primarily characterized by plastic deformation and local buckling, whereas complex dynamic failure modes may occur at high strain rates. Based on experimental data, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model was developed, incorporating the effects of temperature-strain rate coupling. This model offers essential insights for the safe and optimized design of lithium-ion batteries. The comprehensive experimental analysis and model developed in this study provide critical references for advancing the design, manufacturing, and practical application of LIB separators, enhancing their reliability and safety across a diverse range of operational conditions.
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图 1 锂离子电池隔膜及试样制备和表征
Figure 1. Lithium-ion battery separator as well as specimen preparation and characterization
图 4 25 ℃下0.001 s−1应变率的压缩力学性能测试结果
Figure 4. Compression test results for 0.001 s−1 strain rate at 25 °C
图 5 不同应变率下力学性能比较与关键参数演化
Figure 5. Comparison of mechanical properties and evolution of key parameters under different strain rates
图 6 100 ℃下应力-应变关系测试结果（以0.01 s−1为例）
Figure 6. Stress-strain relationship test results at 100 ℃ (example at 0.01 s−1)
图 7 不同温度和应变率下的隔膜的压缩应力-应变测试结果
Figure 7. Stress-strain test results at different temperatures and strain rates
图 8 不同温度和应变率下隔膜压缩力学性能关键参数演变
Figure 8. Evolution of key parameters of compressive mechanical properties of separator at different temperatures and strain rates
图 9 不同应变率和温度下压缩加载后的隔膜损伤形貌
Figure 9. Damage morphology of separator after compressive loading at different strain rates and temperatures
图 10 不同温度下测试后隔膜表面的微观形貌
Figure 10. Microscopic morphology of separator surface after testing at different temperatures
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