Design and mechanical behavior of anti-shock composite protective layer for offshore wind power dynamic cable
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摘要: 针对恶劣海况下动态海缆及其保护套与风机平台摩擦和碰撞导致的断裂问题，以具有高弹性、高缓冲性能的EVA泡沫和橡胶为主体材料，设计了一种抗多次冲击复合防护层。采用万能试验机和落锤，开展了不同加载条件下多种相对密度的EVA泡沫材料的力学性能实验，揭示了相对密度、应变率和多次加载对材料能量吸收特性的影响规律。基于EVA泡沫材料单位体积吸能率与待吸收的动态海缆动能之间的匹配关系，讨论并确定最佳的防护层厚度尺寸，进而制作了复合防护层测试样件。随后，通过落锤冲击实验对复合防护层在单次冲击和多次冲击条件下的缓冲吸能特性进行了研究。实验结果表明：在单次冲击下复合防护层的峰值力与最大位移随落锤质量与下落速度呈线性正相关变化，且能量吸收效率高达85 %；在多次冲击下复合防护层的力学性能呈现显著稳定性，第四次冲击的最大位移较首次冲击仅增大了5.5 %，且能量吸收值和瞬时回弹率的波动幅度小于5 %。复合防护层的独特力学性能可为动态海缆在恶劣海况下的长期使用提供有效保护。Abstract: To address the fracture problem of dynamic submarine cables and their protective sheaths caused by friction and collision with wind turbine platforms under harsh sea conditions, a multi-impact resistant composite protective layer was designed using EVA foam and rubber as the main materials, which possess high elasticity and excellent cushioning properties.Mechanical property tests were conducted on EVA foam materials with various relative densities under different loading conditions using a universal testing machine and drop hammer. Energy absorption efficiency, densification strain, plateau stress and maximum specific energy absorption were introduced to characterize the mechanical properties of EVA foam. The effects of relative density, strain rate and repeated loading on the energy absorption characteristics of EVA foam were revealed.Based on the matching relationship between the energy absorption per unit volume of EVA foam and the kinetic energy of dynamic submarine cables to be absorbed, the optimal thickness of the protective layer was determined, and composite protective layer specimens were fabricated. Subsequently, drop hammer impact tests were performed to compare the cushioning and energy absorption characteristics of the composite protective layer with other materials, preliminarily verifying its high energy absorption efficiency. Further drop hammer impact tests were conducted to investigate the effects of impact energy and loading cycles on the cushioning and energy absorption characteristics of the composite protective layer. The experimental results showed that: (1) Under single impact, the peak force and maximum displacement of the composite protective layer showed a linear positive correlation with the drop hammer mass and impact velocity, with energy absorption efficiency reaching 85 %; (2) Under multiple impacts, the mechanical properties of the composite protective layer exhibited remarkable stability - the maximum displacement in the fourth impact increased by only 5.5 % compared to the first impact, with fluctuations in energy absorption value and instantaneous rebound rate remaining below 5 %. The composite protective layer demonstrates unique mechanical properties that provide effective long-term protection for dynamic submarine cables under harsh marine conditions.
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Key words:
- EVA foam /
- quasi-static compression /
- dynamic compression /
- energy absorption /
- cable protection
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图 1 海上浮式风机结构图与动态海缆结构剖面图
Figure 1. Structural image of offshore floating wind turbine and cross-sectional view of dynamic submarine cable
图 6 EVA泡沫材料理论与实验的应力-应变曲线
Figure 6. Stress-strain curve of EVA foam material in theory and experiment
图 7 不同密度EVA泡沫的能量吸收效率
Figure 7. Energy absorption efficiency of EVA foam at different densities
图 8 不同密度下EVA密实化应变、平台应力、最大比吸能
Figure 8. Densification strain, plateau stress and maximum specific energy absorption of EVA at different densities
图 9 不同应变率下EVA应力-应变曲线
Figure 9. Stress-strain curves of EVA under different strain rates
图 10 不同应变率下EVA密实化应变、平台应力、最大比吸能
Figure 10. Densification strain, plateau stress and maximum specific energy absorption of EVA under different strain rates
图 13 非连续加载下EVA应力-应变曲线
Figure 13. Stress-strain curve of EVA under discontinuous loading
图 23 防护层支撑端约束情况
Figure 23. The constraint condition of the support end of the protective layer
图 24 不同材料与防护层的缓冲性能对比图
Figure 24. Comparison of cushioning properties of different materials and protective layers
图 25 不同落锤质量和下落速度下复合防护层的动态力学行为
Figure 25. Dynamic mechanical behavior of protective layer under different drop hammer mass and drop speed
图 26 不同落锤质量和速度下防护层峰值力变化
Figure 26. The change of peak force of protective layer under different drop hammer mass and speed
图 27 不同落锤质量和速度下防护层最大位移变化
Figure 27. Maximum displacement of protective layer under different drop hammer mass and speed
图 28 不同加载下防护层吸收能量
Figure 28. Energy absorption of protective layer under different loads
图 29 不同加载下防护层吸能效率
Figure 29. Energy absorption efficiency of protective layer under different loads
图 30 多次加载下防护层力-位移曲线
Figure 30. Force-displacement curve of protective layer under multiple loadings
图 33 多次加载下防护层瞬时回弹率
Figure 33. Instantaneous rebound rate of protective layer under multiple loadings
图 31 多次加载下防护层峰值力与最大位移曲线
Figure 31. The peak force and maximum displacement of the protective layer under multiple loadings
图 32 多次加载下防护层吸收能量
Figure 32. Energy absorption of protective layer under multiple loadings
表 1 动态海缆各部位的基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of each part of dynamic submarine cable
参数 净重/kg 长度/m 动态海缆（空气中） 373 12.3 动态海缆（水中） 2603 161.7 防撞环 − 1200 14.4 浮力块1 − 1200 14.0 浮力块2 − 1050 12.0 重力块 414 6.0 
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