长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷界面击溃/侵彻特性

谈梦婷; 张先锋; 包阔; 魏海洋; 韩国庆

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0338

长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷界面击溃/侵彻特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0338

南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11772159)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(30920021108)

详细信息

作者简介:
谈梦婷（1991－　），女，博士，mengting.tan@njust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－　），男，博士，教授，lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-22
- 修回日期: 2020-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-10

Characteristics of interface defeat and penetration during the impact between a ceramic armor and a long-rod projectile

School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 界面击溃/驻留效应可以有效提高装甲陶瓷的抗侵彻能力。为研究长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷界面击溃及侵彻特性，开展了长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷实验研究。同时，基于裂纹扩展理论建立了考虑界面击溃/驻留效应的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷计算模型，以定量描述界面击溃/驻留效应对装甲陶瓷抗侵彻性能的影响。不同弹靶条件下的界面击溃/侵彻转变速度、界面驻留时间、侵彻速度与侵彻深度的理论计算值与实验结果具有较好的一致性，表明计算模型可靠。在此基础上，分析了弹体及陶瓷材料对界面击溃/驻留及侵彻过程的影响规律。研究结果表明：随着弹体撞击速度的提高，陶瓷表面由界面击溃向侵彻转变。考虑界面击溃/驻留效应的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷理论模型，可以较好地反映不同弹体撞击速度对应的弹靶作用模式。弹体材料的屈服强度和密度越高，界面驻留时间越短，弹体侵彻靶体的能力越强；陶瓷的屈服强度越高，界面击溃/驻留效应越显著，靶体的抗侵彻能力越强。考虑界面击溃/驻留效应的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷理论模型揭示了部分界面击溃作用机理，可为陶瓷复合靶的设计提供参考。
- 长杆弹 /
- 陶瓷 /
- 界面击溃 /
- 驻留效应 /
- 侵彻 /
- 撞击
Abstract: Interface defeat/dwell can effectively improve the anti-penetration performance of a ceramic armor at certain degree, which attracts the attention from researchers all over the world in recent years. Experiments on a ceramic armor subjected to the impact of a long-rod projectile (LRP) were carried out to investigate the characteristics of interface defeat and penetration during the impact in this paper. A theoretical model for the penetration process of a LRP into a ceramic target with semi-finite thickness at different impact velocities was established by considering interface defeat/dwell to study quantitatively the effect of interface defeat/dwell on the penetration. The theoretically calculated results on dwell/penetration transition velocity, dwell time, penetration velocity and depth of penetration agree well with the experimental data, which proves that the established theoretical model is accurate. The influences of the projectile and ceramic materials on the interface defeat/dwell and penetration were analyzed. Both the experimental results and the calculated results by the theoretical model show that the interaction between LRPs and ceramics transfers from interface defeat to penetration when the impact velocity increases. It also indicates that the established theoretical model can depict the interaction modes of ceramics and LRPs under different impact velocities. The yield stress and density of the projectile materials play a coupling role in the interaction between LRPs and ceramics when the interface defeat/dwell occurs. The higher the yield strength and density of the projectile materials, the shorter the dwell time and the higher the penetrating ability of the projectile. The higher the dynamical yield strength of the ceramics, the more markedly the interface defeat/dwell and the higher the anti-penetration ability of the ceramic armors. The established theoretical model in consideration of interface defeat/dwell can partially reveal the mechanism of the interface defeat, and it can provide a reference for the design of ceramic composite targets.
- long-rod projectile /
- ceramic /
- interface defeat /
- dwell /
- penetration /
- impact

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图 1 考虑界面击溃/驻留的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷模型

Figure 1. A theoretical model of penetration process of ceramic subjected to projectile impact by considering interface defeat/dwell

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图 2 弹靶实物照片

Figure 2. Photos of projectile and target

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图 3 长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷实验总体布局示意图

Figure 3. Experimental layout for the impact of a long-rod projectile into a ceramic armor plate

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图 4 装甲陶瓷界面被击溃后回收靶体表面的破坏情况

Figure 4. Surface damage of recovered armor ceramics after interface defeat

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图 5 锥形头部长杆弹以1 037 m/s的速度侵彻装甲陶瓷后回收的靶体

Figure 5. Recovered target after penetration of a cone-nosed long-rod projectile with the velocity of 1 037 m/s into ceramics

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图 6 剩余侵彻深度随撞击速度的变化

Figure 6. Residual penetration depth varied with impact velocity

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图 7 不同材料弹体界面击溃/侵彻过程结果对比

Figure 7. Comparison of interface defeat/penetration among projectiles with different materials

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图 8 不同陶瓷材料对应的界面击溃、侵彻特性与撞击速度的关系

Figure 8. Comparison of interface defeat/penetration between ceramics with different materials

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表 1 不同撞击速度弹体侵彻陶瓷后金属靶中剩余侵彻深度

Table 1. Residual depths of penetration in metal targets after penetration of long-rod projectiles with different velocities into ceramics

弹体类型	初始撞击速度/(m·s⁻¹)	剩余侵彻深度/mm
柱形头部长杆弹	732	0
	843	2.4
	979	21.5
	1 084	34.5
锥形头部长杆弹	877	0
	976	0
	1 037	17.5

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表 2 长杆弹相关参数

Table 2. Material parameters of long-rod projectiles

材料	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	体积模量/GPa	压缩屈服强度/GPa	来源
金	19 300	180		文献[32]
钼	10 220	238	0.9	文献[10]
钨合金	17 600	280	1.2

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表 3 陶瓷相关参数

Table 3. Material parameters of ceramics

材料	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	压缩屈服强度/GPa	来源
SiC-N	3 200				文献[32]
SiC-F	>3 150	430			文献[33]
SiC-B	3 215	446	0.16	12.2	文献[13-14]
SiC-1	3 220	446*	0.17	10.4	文献[10, 13]
B₄C	2 500	432	0.17	15.8	文献[10, 34]
SiC	3 150	440	0.16
注：*为弹性模量估算值。

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表 4 背板材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters of back plate

材料	厚度/mm	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	拉伸强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	来源
RHA	40	7 850	900		文献[33]
Mar 350	24				文献[13]
45钢	100	7 830	600	200

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表 5 界面击溃/侵彻转变速度的理论计算计算结果与实验结果

Table 5. Comparison between calculation and experimental results of transition velocity

弹体类型	界面击溃/侵彻转变速度/(m·s⁻¹)		转变速度误差/%
弹体类型	实验	理论	转变速度误差/%
柱形头部长杆弹	785±55	860±60	9.5
锥形头部长杆弹	1 005±25	920±70	−8.5

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表 6 界面击溃驻留时间与侵彻深度与实验对比

Table 6. Comparison between calculation and experimental results of penetration depth and dwell time

撞击速度/(m·s⁻¹)	侵彻深度/mm		侵彻深度误差/%	驻留时间/μs
撞击速度/(m·s⁻¹)	实验	理论	侵彻深度误差/%	驻留时间/μs
732	0	0		61.0
843	2.4	2.3	−4.2	3.7
979	21.5	21.6	−0.5	0
1 084	34.5	30.7	−11.0	0

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表 7 侵彻速度理论值与实验结果^[32]对比

Table 7. Comparison between calculation and experimental results^[32] of penetration velocity

撞击速度/(m·s⁻¹)	侵彻速度/(m·s⁻¹)		侵彻速度误差/%
撞击速度/(m·s⁻¹)	实验	理论	侵彻速度误差/%
776±2	0	0
958±4	232±22	207	−10.3±8.4
1 212±6	482±40	444	−7.6±8.0
1 381±7	598±43	596	0.2±7.2

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