A study of dynamic compression behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete based on SHPB test
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摘要: 为探究碳纳米管增强混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态压缩行为，采用
∅ 100 mm大直径分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB）对其进行了冲击试验，对比分析了不同冲击速度和碳纳米管掺量条件下混凝土的动态抗压强度、受压形变以及能量耗散特征的演化规律。试验结果表明：碳纳米管增强混凝土的动态强度特性具有显著的加载速率敏感性，动态抗压强度和动态强度增长因子均与冲击速度呈线性正相关的关系，当加载水平相同时，动态抗压强度随碳纳米管掺量的增大呈先上升后略有下降的变化趋势，且与普通混凝土相比增幅可达23.7%。碳纳米管增强混凝土的极限应变与冲击韧度的变化特点相似，均随冲击速度的增大而逐渐提高，具有一定的冲击速度强化效应，但与冲击速度之间并没有表现出明显的线性关系。在同一加载水平下，当碳纳米管掺量为0.30%时，混凝土的冲击韧度达到相对最大，较之普通混凝土提升约10%。掺入适量的碳纳米管能够有效强化混凝土内部结构的整体性和致密性，进而改善混凝土的动态力学性能以及能量耗散特征。-
关键词:
- 混凝土 /
- 碳纳米管 /
- 分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB) /
- 动态力学特性 /
- 冲击能量耗散
Abstract: In order to investigate the dynamic compression behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete under impact loading, the impact compression tests were carried out by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device with a diameter of 100 mm. The impact velocities in the SHPB tests were about 6.8, 7.8, 8.8, 9.8 and 10.8 m/s, respectively. The contents of carbon nanotubes in concrete (as a percentage of cement mass) were 0% (i.e. ordinary concrete, as a baseline of comparison), 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.40%, respectively. Then, based on the test results, the evolution laws of dynamic compressive strength, compression deformation, and energy dissipation characteristics of concrete under different impact velocities and carbon nanotubes contents were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the dynamic strength characteristics of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete have significant loading rate sensitivity. The dynamic compressive strength and dynamic enhancement factor show linear positive correlations with impact velocity. When the loading level remains the same, the dynamic compressive strength increases first and then decreases slightly with the increase of carbon nanotubes content, and the growth rate can reach 23.7% compared to ordinary concrete. The variation characteristics of ultimate strain and impact toughness of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete are similar, which gradually increase with the increase of impact velocity, and have a certain impact velocity strengthening effect, but there is no obvious linear relationship with the impact velocity. Toughness is a comprehensive reflection of material strength and deformation. Therefore, at the same loading level, when the content of carbon nanotubes was 0.30%, the impact toughness of concrete achieved a relative maximum, being about 10% higher than that of ordinary concrete. The appropriate addition of carbon nanotubes can effectively enhance the integrity and compactness of the internal structure of concrete, thereby improving its dynamic mechanical properties and energy dissipation performance. -
图 4 混凝土动态压缩强度特性与冲击速度的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between concrete’s dynamic compressive strength characteristics and impact velocity
图 5 混凝土动态受压变形与冲击速度的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between concrete’s dynamic compression deformation and impact velocity
图 6 混凝土能量耗散特征与冲击速度的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between concrete’s energy dissipation characteristics and impact velocity
表 1 水泥的化学组成（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of cement (mass fraction)
% CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SO3 其他 60.54 21.74 4.23 4.61 2.88 2.45 3.55 
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表 2 碳纳米管的主要性能参数
Table 2. Main performance parameters of carbon nanotubes
羧基含量（质量分数）/% 纯度/% 长度/μm 直径/nm 内径/nm 振实密度/(g·cm−3) 比表面积/(m2·g−1) 3.86 >95 0.5～2 5～15 2～5 0.27 >200
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表 3 混凝土的配合比
Table 3. Mix proportion of concrete
kg/m3 试样编号 水泥 河砂 碎石 水 减水剂 消泡剂 碳纳米管 PC 340 640 1360 130 1.7 0.2 0 CNRC1 340 640 1360 130 1.7 0.2 0.34 CNRC2 340 640 1360 130 1.7 0.2 0.68 CNRC3 340 640 1360 130 1.7 0.2 1.02 CNRC4 340 640 1360 130 1.7 0.2 1.36 注：PC表示未掺加碳纳米管的普通混凝土，CNRC1表示碳纳米管掺量为0.1%的碳纳米管增强混凝土，其余编号代表的含义以此类推。
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表 4 混凝土动态抗压强度与冲击速度的拟合结果
Table 4. Fitting results between concrete’s dynamic compressive strength and impact velocity
拟合参数 PC CNRC1 CNRC2 CNRC3 CNRC4 k 7.11 6.64 7.83 5.06 7.39 b 2.59 6.12 −0.11 27.69 0.83 R2 0.9654 0.9663 0.9968 0.9753 0.9751
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表 5 混凝土动态强度增长因子与冲击速度的拟合结果
Table 5. Fitting results between concrete’s dynamic enhancement factor and impact velocity
拟合参数 PC CNRC1 CNRC2 CNRC3 CNRC4 k 0.143 0.131 0.152 0.092 0.156 b 0.067 0.123 −6.026 0.508 0.020 R2 0.9657 0.9717 0.9946 0.9729 0.9783
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