Factors influencing numerical simulation of concrete penetration

The AUTODYN-2D hydrocode was applied to numerically simulate the penetration process of the 1.6-m-diameter cylindrical concrete target with the length of 2 m by a 3.0-caliber-radius-head, ogive-nose projectile with the diameter of 75 mm and the length of 225 mm. And the Lagrangian elements were used to describe the projectile and target. The hydro and principal stress tensile failure modes were adopted to analyze the influences of the different mesh sizes of the concrete target and the different erosion criterions of the concrete finite elements on the penetration depth and frontface crater. The results indicate that the above three factors all evidently influence the simulated results. The simulated results are reasonable when the size of the concrete target elements is 5.0 mm. For the two failure modes, when the erosion strain is set at 1.5, the simulated results are close to the experiments. And for the hydro tensile failure mode, when the erosion strain is set at 2.0, the simulated results are in good agreement with the experiments.