Optimal microsecond time interval of urban tunnelpassing through complex strata

In view of seismic-wave detection, laws of waveform change, and the vibration-reducing effect that different millisecond time intervals have on millisecond blasting in underground engineering, we conducted research on optimal microsecond time interval in the underground blasting for the construction of an urban tunnel passing through complex strata through theoretical and numerical analysis based on the so-called "a soft layer on top of a hard layer" soil condition found with the Guan-Hui inter-city expressway project and the related field test data. Our results show that the effect of millisecond blasting in the complex strata is preferable, the optimal microsecond time interval of the first and second guns is 50-70 ms; under the same surrounding rock conditions, the duration of the vibration waveforms and the main shock phases increase with the distance from the center of the explosion; meanwhile under the unfavorable surrounding rock conditions, the vibration waveforms are more likely to appear superimposed; with the increase of the microsecond time interval, the main shock phases of the first and second guns gradually separate, the vibration-reducing rate fluctuates significantly between 0 and 35 ms and is less than stable; in the complex strata, with the same distances from the center of the explosion at the two measuring points, the points above the hole area have significant influences with relatively greater vibration velocity.