Advances on the techniques of ultrahigh-velocity launch above 7 km/s

LUO Binqiang; ZHANG Xuping; HAO Long; MO Jianjun; WANG Guiji; SONG Zhenfei; TAN Fuli; WANG Xiang; ZHAO Jianheng

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0307

Volume 41 Issue 2

Feb. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2021 > 41(2): 021401

LUO Binqiang, ZHANG Xuping, HAO Long, MO Jianjun, WANG Guiji, SONG Zhenfei, TAN Fuli, WANG Xiang, ZHAO Jianheng. Advances on the techniques of ultrahigh-velocity launch above 7 km/s[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2021, 41(2): 021401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0307

Citation:

LUO Binqiang, ZHANG Xuping, HAO Long, MO Jianjun, WANG Guiji, SONG Zhenfei, TAN Fuli, WANG Xiang, ZHAO Jianheng. Advances on the techniques of ultrahigh-velocity launch above 7 km/s[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2021, 41(2): 021401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0307

Citation:

LUO Binqiang, ZHANG Xuping, HAO Long, MO Jianjun, WANG Guiji, SONG Zhenfei, TAN Fuli, WANG Xiang, ZHAO Jianheng. Advances on the techniques of ultrahigh-velocity launch above 7 km/s[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2021, 41(2): 021401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0307

PDF( 7319 KB)

Advances on the techniques of ultrahigh-velocity launch above 7 km/s

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0307

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

Received Date: 2020-08-29
Rev Recd Date: 2020-10-26

Available Online: 2021-02-02

Publish Date: 2021-02-05

Abstract

Abstract

Advances on ultrahigh-velocity launch techniques were introduced, which involving magnetically-driven metallic flyer, metallic foil electrically explosion driven plastic flyer and three-stage light gas gun based on graded density impactor (GDI) driven flyer techniques. The magnetically-driven flyer technique utilizes the Lorentz force produced by the interact of intense current and strong magnetic field to accelerate a metallic flyer shocklessly, and a 25 mm×13 mm×1.0 mm aluminum flyer was launched to 46 km/s on the ZR machnine at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). This technique has been developed in Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP) since 2008, series compact pulsed power generators such as CQ-1.5, CQ-4, CQ-7 with increasing loading capability in turn, were established and hypervelocity metallic flyer launching experiments were conducted. The shape of the loading electrode for launching a flyer was optimized by using a magnetic hydrodynamic code, and an aluminum flyer with the initial sizes of 10 mm×6 mm×0.33 mm was accelerated to 18 km/s within a distance of up to several millimeters. The metallic foil electrically-explosion driven flyer technique, usually named as electrical gun (EG), uses the high-pressure gas produced by electrical exploding of a metal foil to accelerate a plastic flyer. A Kapton flyer with the sizes of 9.5 mm×9.5 mm×0.3 mm was accelerated to 18 km/s in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The electrical gun technique has been developed in IFP since 2006, series electrical guns with increasing loading capability were established, namely 14.4-kJ EG, 98-kJ EG and 200-kJ EG. A unified numerical simulation program was developed to give insight to the progress of metallic foil electrical explosion and to optimize the experimental designs. By using 98-kJ and 200-kJ electric guns, the Mylar flyers with the sizes of $\varnothing $10 mm×0.2 mm and $\varnothing $21 mm×0.5 mm and the mass of hundreds of milligrams were launched up to 10 km/s. A three-stage light gas gun based on GDI transfers the kinetic energy of a GDI to a metallic flyer shocklessly, and a centimeter-sized metallic flyer was launched to 15 km/s in SNL. This technique has been investigated in IFP since 2003, and the preparation of high-quality GDIs is mainly focused on. Numerical simulation on GDI-driven hypervelocity launch was carried out, convergent and non-convergent structures of the third-stage barrel muzzle were improved. By ultilizing the three-stage gas gun based on GDI, an aluminum flyer and a TC4 flyer were launched to 12−15 km/s. By using the ultrahigh-velocity launch techniques mentioned above, a protective structure of space aircraft was impacted at the velocity above 7 km/s to test its protection ability and ballistic limits. The results show that these ultrahigh-velocity launch technologies can provide reliable technical supports for space debris protection research.
- ultrahigh-velocity launch,
- magnetically-driven flyer,
- electrical gun,
- three-stage light gas gun

FullText(HTML)

References(37)

References

[1]	PIEKUTOWSKI A J, POORMON K L. Development of a three-stage, light-gas gun at the University of Dayton Research Institute [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006, 33: 615–624. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.018.
[2]	PIEKUTOWSKI A J, POORMON K L. Impact of thin aluminum sheets with aluminum spheres up to 9 km/s [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35: 1716–1722. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.023.
[3]	林俊德, 张向荣, 朱玉荣, 等. 超高速撞击实验的三级压缩气体炮技术 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2012, 32(5): 483–489. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)05-0483-07. LIN J D, ZHANG X R, ZHU Y R, et al. The technique of three-stage compressed gas gun for hypervelocity impact [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2012, 32(5): 483–489. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)05-0483-07.
[4]	WALKER J D, GROSCH D J, MULLIN S A. A hypervelocity fragment launcher based on an inhibited shaped charge [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1993, 14: 763–774. DOI: 10.1016/0734-743X(93)90070-N.
[5]	文尚刚, 孙承纬, 赵锋, 等. 多级爆轰驱动——研究超高速碰撞的一种新的加载技术 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2000, 14(1): 22–27. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2000.01.004. WEN S G, SUN C W, ZHAO F, et al. Multi-stage detonation system—a new loading technology for studying hypervelocity impact [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2000, 14(1): 22–27. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2000.01.004.
[6]	赵士操, 宋振飞, 姬广富, 等. 一种基于二级轻气炮平台的超高速弹丸发射装置设计 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2011, 25(6): 557–564. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2011.06.012. ZHAO S C, SONG Z F, JI G F, et al. A novel design of a hypervelocity launcher based on two-stage gas gun facilities [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2011, 25(6): 557–564. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2011.06.012.
[7]	STEINBERG D, CHAU H, DITTBENNER G, et al. The electric gun: a new method for generating shock pressures in excess of 1 TPa: 17943 [R]. UCID, 1978.
[8]	OSHER J E, BARNES G, CHAU H H, et al. Operating characteristics and modeling of the LLNL 100-kV electric gun [J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1989, 17(3): 392–402. DOI: 10.1109/27.32247.
[9]	CHHABILDAS L C, KMETYK L N, REINHART W D, et al. Enhanced hypervelocity launcher capabilities to 16 km/s [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1995, 17: 183–194. DOI: 10.1016/0734-743X(95)99845-I.
[10]	LEMKE R W, KNUDSON M D, DAVIS J D. Magnetically driven hyper-velocity launch capability at the Sandia Z accelerator [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2011, 38: 480–485. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.019.
[11]	马文来, 庞宝君, 张伟, 等. 双层防护屏结构的正撞击研究 [J]. 中国空间科学技术, 2001, 2: 68–71. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-758X.2001.02.012. MA W L, PANG B J, ZHANG W, et al. Research of dual-sheet shield structure with the normal impact [J]. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2001, 2: 68–71. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-758X.2001.02.012.
[12]	管公顺, 庞宝君, 哈跃, 等. 铝双层板结构高速撞击防护性能实验 [J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(3): 402–405. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0367-6234.2007.03.017. GUAN G S, PANG B J, HA Y, et al. Experimental investigation of resist capability about aluminum dual-wall structure by high-velocity impact [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007, 39(3): 402–405. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0367-6234.2007.03.017.
[13]	柳森, 黄洁, 李毅, 等. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心的空间碎片超高速撞击试验研究进展 [J]. 载人航天, 2011, 6: 17–23. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5825.2011.06.004. LIU S, HUANG J, LI Y, et al. Recent advancement of hypervelocity impact test at HAI, CARDC [J]. Manned Spaceflight, 2011, 6: 17–23. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5825.2011.06.004.
[14]	ZHANG Q M, CHEN Y H, HUANG F L. Experimental study of hypervelocity impact on multi-shock structure [J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2004, 13(3): 274–279. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-0579.2004.03.009.
[15]	CHEN Y H, ZHANG Q M, HUANG F L. Experimental study and numerical simulation of hypervelocity projectile impact on double-wall structure [J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2004, 13(3): 280–284. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-0579.2004.03.010.
[16]	SONG Z F, MO J J, ZHAO J H, et al. Study on launching technique of a 98 kJ electric gun for hypervelocity impact experiments [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018, 122: 419–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.04.012.
[17]	WEN X, HUANG J, MA Z X, et al. Shielding performance of debris shield with separated rear wall [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2020, 13: 103446. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103446.
[18]	ZHANG X P, WANG G J, ZHAO J H, et al. High velocity flyer plates launched by magnetic pressure on pulsed power generator CQ-4 and applied in shock Hugoniot experiments [J]. Review of Scientific Instrument, 2014, 85(5): 055110. DOI: 10.1063/1.4875705.
[19]	WANG G J, SUN C W, TAN F L, et al. The compact capacitor bank CQ-1.5 employed in magnetically driven isentropic compression and high velocity flyer plate experiments [J]. Review of Scientific Instrument, 2008, 79(5): 053904. DOI: 10.1063/1.2920200.
[20]	WANG G J, LUO B Q, ZHANG X P, et al. A 4 MA, 500 ns pulsed power generator CQ-4 for characterization of material behaviors under ramp wave loading [J]. Review of Scientific Instrument, 2013, 84(1): 015117. DOI: 10.1063/1.4788935.
[21]	张旭平, 赵剑衡, 谭福利, 等. 一种耦合电路分析的磁驱动飞片数值计算方法 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2014, 34(3): 257–263. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1455.2014.03.001. ZHANG X P, ZHAO J H, TAN F L, et al. A method for magnetically driven flyer simulation coupled with electrical circuit of generator [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2014, 34(3): 257–263. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1455.2014.03.001.
[22]	张旭平, 赵剑衡, 谭福利, 等. 磁驱动飞片的三维数值模拟及分析 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2014, 28(4): 483–488. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2014.04.015. ZHANG X P, ZHAO J H, TAN F L, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation and analysis of magnetically driven flyer plates [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2014, 28(4): 483–488. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2014.04.015.
[23]	王贵林, 张朝辉, 孙奇志, 等. 基于“聚龙一号”装置的磁驱动加载实验技术研究进展 [J]. 高能量密度物理, 2020(1): 14–26.
[24]	RICHARD C, WEINGART R C. Electric gun: applications and potential: UCRL252000802 [R]. 1980.
[25]	OSHER J, CHAU H H, GATHERS R, et al. Application of 100 kV electric gun for hypervelocity impact studies [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1987, 5: 501–507. DOI: 10.1016/0734-743X(87)90065-0.
[26]	LEE R S, OSHER J E, CHAU H H. 1 MJ electric gun facility at LLNL [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1993, 29(1): 457–460. DOI: 10.1109/20.195618.
[27]	赵剑衡, 孙承纬, 唐小松, 等. 高效能电炮实验装置的研制 [J]. 实验力学, 2006, 21(3): 369–375. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4888.2006.03.018. ZHAO J H, SUN C W, TANG X S, et al. Development of electric gun with high performance [J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2006, 21(3): 369–375. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4888.2006.03.018.
[28]	王桂吉, 赵剑衡, 唐小松, 等. 电炮驱动Mylar 膜飞片完整性实验研究 [J]. 实验力学, 2006, 21(4): 454–458. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4888.2006.04.007. WANG G J, ZHAO J H, TANG X S, et al. Experimental study on the integrality of Mylar flyer driven by electric gun [J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2006, 21(4): 454–458. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4888.2006.04.007.
[29]	WANG G J, HE J, ZHAO J H, et al. The techniques of metallic foil electrically exploding driving hypervelocity flyer to more than 10 km/s for shock wave physics experiments [J]. Review of Scientific Instrument, 2011, 82(9): 095105. DOI: 10.1063/1.3633773.
[30]	LUO B Q, SUN C W, ZHAO J H, et al. Unified numerical simulation of metallic foil electrical explosion and its applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2013, 41(1): 49–57. DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2012.2227827.
[31]	CHHABILDAS L C, BARKERL M, ASAY J R, et al. Sandia’s hypervelocity launcher—HVL: SAND91-0657 [R]. Sandia National Laboratories, 1991.
[32]	CHHABILDAS L C, HERTEL E S, HILL S A. Experimental and numerical simulations of orbital debris impact on a Whipple bumper shield: SAND-91-0889C [R]. Sandia National Laboratories, 1991.
[33]	王青松, 王翔, 戴诚达, 等. 三级炮加载技术在超高压状态方程研究中的应用 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2010, 24(3): 187–191. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2010.03.005. WANG Q S, WANG X, DAI C D, et al. Research on EOS at extremely high pressure using a three-stage gas gun hypervelocity launcher techniques [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2010, 24(3): 187–191. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2010.03.005.
[34]	王青松, 王翔, 郝龙, 等. 三级炮超高速发射技术研究进展 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2014, 28(3): 339–345. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2014.03.012. WANG Q S, WANG X, HAO L, et al. Progress on hypervelocity launcher techniques using a three-stage gun [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2014, 28(3): 339–345. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2014.03.012.
[35]	柏劲松, 谭华, 李平, 等. 阻抗梯度飞片加载下的超高速发射二维数值模拟方法 [J]. 计算物理, 2004, 21(4): 305–310. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-246X.2004.04.004. BAI J S, TAN H, LI P, et al. Numerical simulation method for 2-D hypervelocity launcher under the graded density impactor drives [J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2004, 21(4): 305–310. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-246X.2004.04.004.
[36]	沈强, 张联盟, 王传彬, 等. 梯度飞片材料的波阻抗分布设计与优化 [J]. 物理学报, 2003, 52(7): 1663–1667. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3290.2003.07.020. SHEN Q, ZHANG L M, WANG C B, et al. Design and optimization of wave impedance distribution for flyer materials [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(7): 1663–1667. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3290.2003.07.020.
[37]	王翔, 王青松, 彭建祥, 等. 三级炮超高速发射技术在空间碎片防护研究中的初步应用 [J]. 高能量密度物理, 2017(4): 115–122.