Experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of load on the penetration behavior of armor-piercing rods into steel targets

FU Ji; JI Yangziyi; GUO Tengfei; LIU Ji’an; LI Xiangdong

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0379

Volume 44 Issue 6

Jun. 2024

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2024 > 44(6): 063301

LI Xue-mei, WANG Xiao-song, WANG Peng-lai, LU Min, JIA Lu-feng. Spall of cylindrical copper by converging sliding detonation[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2009, 29(2): 162-166. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)02-0162-05

Citation:

FU Ji, JI Yangziyi, GUO Tengfei, LIU Ji’an, LI Xiangdong. Experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of load on the penetration behavior of armor-piercing rods into steel targets[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(6): 063301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0379

Citation:

PDF( 6147 KB)

Experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of load on the penetration behavior of armor-piercing rods into steel targets

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0379

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

Received Date: 2023-10-16
Rev Recd Date: 2024-02-19

Available Online: 2024-03-13

Publish Date: 2024-06-18

Abstract

Abstract

In order to examine the influence of loads on the penetration behavior of the armor-piercing rod in a steel target, two sets of experiments were performed where both loaded and unloaded rods were used to penetrate 603 armored steel plates. Structural failures of the plates were observed under both loaded and unloaded conditions. Subsequently, numerical simulation methods were employed to analyze the penetration characteristics of both loaded and unloaded armor-piercing rods under various conditions, including incident angles of 45° and 60°, and impact velocities ranging from 1300 to 1600 m/s. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of loads, incident angles, impact velocities, and load centroid positions on both the penetration depth and deflection angle of the rods. The research findings indicate that the inclusion of loads substantially enhances the oblique penetration depth of the armor-piercing rod while simultaneously reducing the ballistic deflection angle, thereby effectively improving the overall penetration efficiency. Conversely, in the case of positive penetration, the energy consumption caused by the load striking the target plate’s surface impedes the armor-piercing rod’s ability to penetrate. It is noteworthy that under an impact velocity of 1400 m/s and an incident angle of 60°, the inclusion of loads results in a decrease in the critical jump velocity of the armor-piercing rod. Moreover, observations revealed that as the distance between the centroid of the armor-piercing rod and its head surpasses half of the rod’s length, there is an increase in penetration depth accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the deflection angle. Specifically, it has been found that an increased distance between the centroid of the armor-piercing rod and its head leads to an improvement in penetration effectiveness. These findings highlight the substantial impact of load position on the penetration effectiveness and offer valuable insights for future design optimization. The research outcomes offer essential support and guidance for the design of high-speed kinetic energy missiles, thereby facilitating the enhancement of their penetration capabilities.
- penetration,
- armor piercing rod,
- load,
- high-speed kinetic energy missile

FullText(HTML)

References(20)

References

[1]	周健, 王竹萍, 焦勇, 等. 国外陆军高速动能导弹技术现状及发展趋势 [J]. 兵工学报, 2010, 31(S2): 153–156. ZHOU J, WANG Z P, JIAO Y, et al. Present situation and development tendency of foreign hypervelocity kinetic energy missiles [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2010, 31(S2): 153–156.
[2]	NAUMANN K. Solid rocket propulsion for the German hypervelocity missile program—an overview [C]// Proceedings of the 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Huntsville, Alabama: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. DOI: 10.2514/6.2003-4969.
[3]	STEWART R, THEDE R, COUCH P, et al. High G MEMS accelerometer for Compact Kinetic Energy Missile (CKEM) [C]//Proceedings of the Position Location and Navigation Symposium. Monterey: IEEE, 2004: 20–25. DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2004.1308969.
[4]	高原, 谷良贤. 超高速动能反坦克导弹技术 [J]. 火力与指挥控制, 2008, 33(10): 1–4. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2008.10.001. GAO Y, GU L X. Study on technology of hypervelocity kinetic energy anti-tank missile [J]. Fire Control and Command Control, 2008, 33(10): 1–4. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2008.10.001.
[5]	GOLDSMITH W. Non-ideal projectile impact on targets [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1999, 22(2/3): 95–395. DOI: 10.1016/S0734-743X(98)00031-1.
[6]	焦文俊, 陈小伟. 长杆高速侵彻问题研究进展 [J]. 力学进展, 2019, 49(1): 201904. DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-17-021. JIAO W J, CHEN X W. Review on long-rod penetration at hypervelocity [J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2019, 49(1): 201904. DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-17-021.
[7]	赵国志. 穿甲工程力学 [M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 1992.
[8]	CHEN X W, YANG Y B, LU Z H, et al. Perforation of metallic plates struck by a blunt projectile with a soft nose [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(6): 549–558. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.05.002.
[9]	CHEN X W, YANG Y H, YANG Y B, et al. Modeling on a blunt projectile with a nose-cabin-column perforating into metallic plates [C]// Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Ballistics Tarragona. Tarragona, Spain, 2007: 1227–1234.
[10]	陈小伟, 杨云斌, 路中华. 带前舱物的钝头弹对金属靶的正穿甲分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2006, 26(4): 294–302. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)04-0294-09. CHEN X W, YANG Y B, LU Z H. Perforation of metallic plates struck by a blunt projectile with a nose-cabin-column [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2006, 26(4): 294–302. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)04-0294-09.
[11]	吕中杰, 徐钰巍, 黄风雷, 等. 带弱连接结构弹体斜侵彻混凝土试验研究 [C]//第四届全国计算爆炸力学会议论文集. 北京, 2008: 488–493.
[12]	徐钰巍, 黄风雷, 吕中杰. 带前舱结构弹体斜侵彻混凝土靶实验研究 [C]//第十届全国冲击动力学学术会议论文摘要集. 太原: 中国力学学会, 2011: 1–4.
[13]	徐钰巍, 黄风雷, 皮爱国, 等. 带前舱弹体斜撞击硬目标的姿态偏转 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2016, 36(10): 1011–1014. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2016.10.005. XU Y W, HUANG F L, PI A G, et al. Attitude deflection of projectile with nose cabin under oblique impact on the hard target [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016, 36(10): 1011–1014. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2016.10.005.
[14]	陈刚, 张青平, 陈忠富. 前舱物对半穿甲弹体斜穿甲过程影响的数值模拟研究 [C]//第八届全国冲击动力学学术讨论会会议论文集. 银川: 中国力学学会, 2007: 302–307.
[15]	赵宏伟, 贺元吉, 成丽蓉, 等. 带前舱战斗部对钢筋混凝土侵彻规律研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2019, 39(6): 578–582. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.06.005. ZHAO H W, HE Y J, CHENG L R, et al. Study on the law of penetration of reinforced concrete by warhead with forecabin [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2019, 39(6): 578–582. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.06.005.
[16]	刘雨佳, 侯海量, 李茂, 等. 前舱物对低速大质量平头弹侵彻金属薄板的影响 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2020, 34(1): 015104. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190830. LIU Y J, HOU H L, LI M, et al. Influence of nose cabin on low speed blunt projectile during penetration of metal plate [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2020, 34(1): 015104. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190830.
[17]	邹勇, 胡国怀, 周喻虹, 等. 高速动能导弹穿甲毁伤模拟试验研究 [J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2019, 39(1): 35–37. DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2019.01.008. ZOU Y, HU G H, ZHOU Y H, et al. Experimental simulated investigation on armour-piercing damage of high-speed kinetic energy missile [J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2019, 39(1): 35–37. DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2019.01.008.
[18]	伍一顺, 陈小伟. 长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的一种数值模拟方法 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(5): 053301. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0291. WU Y S, CHEN X W. A numerical simulation method for long rods penetrating into ceramic targets [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(5): 053301. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0291.
[19]	王猛, 杨明川, 罗荣梅, 等. 钨合金杆式弹穿甲侵彻开坑阶段绝热剪切失效的数值模拟 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(18): 111–116. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2016.14.018. WANG M, YANG M C, LUO R M, et al. Numerical simulation on the adiabatic shear failure at cratering stage for tungsten alloy long rod penetrator piercing into armor [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(18): 111–116. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2016.14.018.
[20]	蓝肖颖, 李向东, 周兰伟, 等. 双破片侵彻耦合载荷对容器壁面的毁伤研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(1): 159–170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.01.019. LAN X Y, LI X D, ZHOU L W, et al. Research on damage of vessel walls caused by double fragments penetration and coupling load [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(1): 159–170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.01.019.

Relative Articles

[1]	GUO Lu, ZHI Xiaoqi, QU Kepeng, LIU Xinghe, JIA Jie, LI Jin. Calculation of pressure parameters at ignition moment of HMX-based aluminized pressed explosives during slow cook-off[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(6): 062303. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0353
[2]	XIAO Youcai, WANG Ruisheng, FAN Chenyang, ZHANG Hong, WANG Zhijun, SUN Yi. Cook-off experiment on the JH-14C booster explosive with a shell and the relevant numerical simulation[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2023, 43(7): 072301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0555
[3]	ZHANG Haijun, NIE Jianxin, WANG Ling, WANG Dong, HU Feng, GUO Xueyong. Effect of pre-ignition on slow cook-off response characteristics of composite propellant[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2022, 42(10): 102901. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0521
[4]	ZHOU Jie, ZHI Xiaoqi, WANG Shuai, HAO Chunjie. Rheological properties of Composition B in slow cook-off process[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(5): 052301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0321
[5]	ZHOU Jie, ZHI Xiaoqi, WANG Shuai, FAN Xinghua. Influences of the heating rate and rheological properties on slow cook-off response of composition B[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(12): 122302. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0431
[6]	LIU Zide, ZHI Xiaoqi, ZHOU Jie, WANG Shuai. Influence of explosive mass and heating rate on cook-off response characteristics of DNAN based casting explosive[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2019, 39(1): 012301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0264
[7]	YE Qing, YU Yonggang. Numerical analysis of slow cook-off characteristics for solid rocket motor with natural convection[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2019, 39(6): 062101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0163
[8]	Liu Xian-jun, Wang Xiao-long, Li Si-zhong, Zhong Wei-zhou, Zhou Ben-quan. Device for ejecting water column by inertia effect based on load technology of gas gun[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2014, 34(3): 272-277. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2014)03-0272-06
[9]	Ren Peng, Zhang Wei, Huang Wei, Ye Nan, Cai Xuan-ming. Research on non-explosive underwater shock loading device[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2014, 34(3): 334-339. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2014)03-0334-06
[10]	Ma Xin, Chen Lang, Lu Feng, Wu Jun-ying. Calculation on multi-step thermal decomposition of HMX-and TATB-based composite explosive under cook-off conditions[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2014, 34(1): 67-74. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2014)01-0067-08
[11]	Li Run-zhi, Huang Zi-chao, Si Rong-jun. Influence of environmental temperature on gas explosion pressure and its rise rate[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2013, 33(4): 415-419. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2013)04-0415-05
[12]	Xiang Mei, Huang Yi-min, Rao Guo-ning, Peng Jin-hua. Cook-off test and numerical simulation for composite charge at different heating rates[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2013, 33(4): 394-400. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2013)04-0394-07
[13]	ZhiXiao-qi, HuShuang-qi. Influencesofchargedensitiesonresponses ofexplosivestoslowcook-off[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2013, 33(2): 221-224. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2013)02-0221-04
[14]	GAO Hong-quan, LU Fang-yun, WANG Shao-long, YAN Peng, LUO Yong-feng, YUAN Wei, HU Jian. Adamage-powerevaluationmethodoftheexplosive-involveddevice inaconfinedcontainerstoringliquid[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2011, 31(3): 306-310. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)03-0306-05
[15]	WANG Zhi-rong, JIANG Jun-cheng, ZHOU Chao. Experimentalinvestigationofgasexplosioncharacteristicinlinkedvessels[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2011, 31(1): 69-74. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)01-0069-06
[16]	ZHANG Ling-ke, ZHOU Yan-huang, YU Yong-gang, LU Xin, LIU Dong-yao. Effectsofencroachmentanddesquamationofignitionjet oncombustionpropertyofbasebleedpropellant[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2010, 30(6): 658-663. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2010)06-0658-06
[17]	FENG Xiao-jun, WANG Xiao-feng. Influences of charge porosity on cook-off response of explosive[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2009, 29(1): 109-112. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)01-0109-04
[18]	KAN Jin-ling, LIU Jia-cong. The blast characteristic of SEFAEEffect of after-burning on blast power[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2006, 26(5): 404-409. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)05-0404-06
[19]	JIANG Xiao-hua, LONG Xin-ping, HE Bi, CHEN Lang, HUANG Yi-min, ZHANG Hai-bin. Numerical simulation of detonation in aluminized explosives containing oxidiser (AP)[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2005, 25(1): 26-30. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2005)01-0026-05
[20]	FENG Xiao-jun, WANG Xiao-feng, HAN Zhu-long. The study of charging size influence on the response of explosives in slow cook-off test[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2005, 25(3): 285-288. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2005)03-0285-04

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(8)

1.	Huan-yu Qian，Yong-gang Yu，Jing Liu. Effects of module number and firing condition on charge thermal safety in gun chamber. Defence Technology. 2022(01): 27-37 .
2.	叶青，余永刚. 圆孔装药固体火箭发动机的慢速烤燃特性研究. 装备环境工程. 2022(03): 26-31 .
3.	叶青，余永刚. 含能材料热安全性研究进展. 装备环境工程. 2022(03): 1-10 .
4.	刘静，赵非玉. 不同升温速率下模块装药的烤燃特性分析. 装备环境工程. 2022(03): 11-16 .
5.	邓海，赵小锋，任新联，李刚，梁争峰. 不同约束条件下硝酸酯类PBX炸药装药慢烤响应特性. 火炸药学报. 2021(05): 652-657 .
6.	刘静，余永刚. 不同升温速率下模块装药慢速烤燃特性的数值模拟. 兵工学报. 2019(05): 990-995 .
7.	徐洪涛，金朋刚. 炸药缓慢加热条件实验技术进展. 装备环境工程. 2019(09): 5-17 .
8.	黄亨建，陈科全，陈红霞，陈翔，宋乙丹，路中华，李兴隆，寇剑锋. 国外钝感弹药危害缓解设计的原理和方法. 含能材料. 2019(11): 974-980 .