Effects of typical additives on the anti-explosion performance of ammonium nitrate
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摘要: 选取几种典型添加剂加入硝酸铵,采用联合国隔板实验研究其加入量、混合方式等对硝酸铵抗爆性能的影响。实验结果表明添加氯化钾(KCl)、氯化钠(NaCl)和磷酸一铵(NH4H2PO4)均有一定的抗爆效果,当KCl添加量为20%(机械混合)或15%(溶液混合),NaCl添加量为35%(机械混合)或15%(溶液混合),NH4H2PO4添加量为25%(机械混合)或30%(溶液混合)时,硝酸铵在联合国隔板实验条件下均不再传播爆轰。对氯化物添加剂,采用溶液混合方式有利于添加剂与硝酸铵的混合均匀,因此该种方式效果更好;而对具有酸性的磷酸一铵,由于溶液混合的酸性能加速硝酸铵热分解,因此机械混合方式的抗爆效果更优。Abstract: Several typical additives were selected and added to ammonium nitrate (AN), and UN gap test was conducted to study the effects of the added amount and mixing method on the anti-explosion performance of AN. Experimental results obtained indicate improvement of certain anti-explosion performance on AN for potassium chlorate (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) added. When the added amount of KCl is 20% by mechanical mixing or 15% by solution mixing, that of NaCl is 35% or 15%, and that of NH4H2PO4 is 25% or 30%, AN ceases to propagate detonation. As to the chloride additives, solution mixing can mix AN and additives more evenly, thus obtaining better anti-explosion performance. In addition, as the acidity of NH4H2PO4 added to AN by solution mixing could accelerate thermal decomposition, better anti-explosion performance for that is also achieved by mechanical mixing.
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Key words:
- mechanics of explosion /
- anti-explosion performance /
- additives /
- ammonium nitrate
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表 1 添加KCl的硝酸铵样品的联合国隔板实验结果
Table 1. UN gap test results of AN added with KCl
实验号 混合方式 φ(KCl)/% m/g ρ/(g·cm-3) 验证板是否击穿 lr/cm 实验结果 1 0 424 0.84 是 0 + 2 机械混合 10 410 0.82 是 0 + 3 机械混合 10 432 0.86 4 机械混合 15 428 0.85 否 0 + 5 机械混合 15 414 0.82 6 机械混合 20 545 1.08 否 >10 - 7 机械混合 20 468 0.93 否 约4 - 8 溶液混合 10 452 0.90 否 0 + 9 溶液混合 10 451 0.90 10 溶液混合 15 461 0.92 否 >10 - 11 溶液混合 15 461 0.92 否 >10 - 表 2 添加NaCl的硝酸铵样品的联合国隔板实验结果
Table 2. UN gap test results of AN added with NaCl
实验号 混合方式 φ(NaCl)/% m/g ρ/(g·cm-3) 验证板是否击穿 lr/cm 实验结果 1 0 424 0.84 是 0 + 2 机械混合 20 442 0.88 否 0 + 3 机械混合 20 458 0.91 否 0 + 4 机械混合 30 445 0.89 是 0 + 5 机械混合 30 447 0.89 6 机械混合 35 465 0.93 否 >10 - 7 机械混合 35 471 0.94 否 约4 - 8 溶液混合 10 421 0.84 否 0 + 9 溶液混合 10 423 0.84 10 溶液混合 15 409 0.81 否 约10 - 11 溶液混合 15 422 0.84 否 约10 - 12 溶液混合 20 453 0.90 否 >10 - 13 溶液混合 20 451 0.90 否 >10 - 表 3 添加NH4H2PO4的硝酸铵样品的联合国隔板实验结果
Table 3. UN gap test results of AN added with NH4H2PO4
实验号 混合方式 φ(NH4H2PO4)/% m/g ρ/(g·cm-3) 验证板是否击穿 lr/cm 实验结果 1 0 424 0.84 是 0 + 2 机械混合 20 432 0.86 否 0 + 3 机械混合 20 426 0.85 否 0 + 4 机械混合 25 445 0.89 否 <10 - 5 机械混合 25 445 0.89 否 <10 - 6 机械混合 30 437 0.87 否 <10 - 7 机械混合 30 438 0.87 否 <10 - 8 溶液混合 20 449 0.89 是 0 + 9 溶液混合 20 448 0.89 10 溶液混合 25 427 0.85 否 约2 - 11 溶液混合 25 427 0.85 否 0 + 12 溶液混合 30 438 0.87 否 <10 - 13 溶液混合 30 434 0.86 否 <10 - -
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