Explosive welding of interface between aluminum alloy and steel plate with dovetail grooves
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摘要: 采用尺寸为4 mm×410 mm×410 mm的5083铝合金和尺寸为15 mm×400 mm×400 mm、表面开有燕尾槽的Q345钢板作为爆炸焊接的覆板与基板，根据理论公式得到铝合金-钢爆炸焊接下限后，选取其附近的参数进行爆炸焊接，再通过力学性能检测和微观形貌观察研究5083/Q345复合板界面的结合性能。实验结果表明：铝合金与钢在冶金结合和燕尾槽的挤压啮合共同作用下实现爆炸复合；铝合金与燕尾槽上底面、倾斜面和下底面的界面均呈平直状。铝合金与燕尾槽上底面、下底面以直接结合和不连续熔化块相结合的方式复合，而铝合金与燕尾槽倾斜面以连续熔化层的方式复合；复合板的剪切强度大于172 MPa，满足Al/Fe复合板结合强度的要求。Abstract: In this work, using a 5083 aluminum alloy plate (4 mm×410 mm×410 mm) and a Q345 steel plate with dovetail grooves (15 mm×400 mm×400 mm) as the flyer and base plates, and based on the lower limit of explosive welding of aluminum alloy with steel calculated from theoretical formulas, we carried out explosive welding experiments with selected parameters which were close to the lower limit. We studied the bonding performances on the interfaces of the 5083/Q345 clad plate by checking its mechanical properties and observing its micro-structure. The results show that the explosive welding of aluminum alloy and steel is achieved through a combined action of the metallurgical bonding and the extraction and meshing of the dovetail grooves; the bonding interface between the aluminum alloy and the upper, lower and inclined surfaces of the dovetail grooves exhibits an even shape; the welding between the aluminum alloy and the upper and lower surfaces of the dovetail grooves is realized by both direct bonding and discontinuous melting while that between the aluminum alloy and the inclined surface of the dovetail grooves is realized by continuous melting. The tensile shear strength of the clad plate is greater than 172 MPa, which satisfies the requirement placed on the bonding strength of a Al/Fe clad plate.
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图 8 爆炸复合板界面的金相组织图
Figure 8. Metallographic images at the interfaces of 5083/Q345 clad plate
表 1 基板与覆板的物理和机械性能
Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of flyer and base plates
金属材料 Tm/℃ ρ/(g·cm-3) HV σs/MPa σb/MPa c/(m·s-1) 5083铝合金 570~640 2.72 61 125 270 6 300 Q345钢 1 523 7.85 168 385 609 6 000 
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表 2 爆炸复合板的力学性能实验结果
Table 2. Experimental results of mechanical properties of explosive clad plate
实验编号 Sb/(mm×mm) σb/MPa Sτ/(mm×mm) στ/MPa 1 10×10 522 4.5×25 178 2 10×10 538 4.5×25 183 3 10×10 527 4.5×25 190 4 10×10 543 4.5×25 172
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表 3 界面不同位置的化学成分(摩尔分数)
Table 3. Chemical components at different points on the interface (mole fraction)
界面位置 xAl/% xFe/% 1 99.16 0.84 2 73.32 26.68 3 76.11 23.89 4 72.45 27.55 5 0.43 99.57
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