Analysis of the damage load of the underwater contact explosion on multi-layered defend cabins
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摘要: 为探讨水下多层防护隔舱结构设计，以典型三舱式结构为对象，利用Dytran软件分析了水下接触爆炸下舷侧多层防护隔舱中膨胀空舱内的毁伤载荷特性，得到了载荷的简化模型，并拟合出膨胀舱压力载荷脉动平稳阶段准静态气压值的计算公式。结果表明，膨胀空舱内的毁伤载荷特性在时间尺度上可分为气团膨胀扩散阶段和脉动平稳两个阶段；在空间分布上，主要分为正反射区和马赫反射区，正反射区作用载荷由初始瞬态脉冲载荷和后续逐渐衰减的准静态气压载荷叠加而成，马赫反射区作用载荷则以准静态气压为主。Abstract: To improve the design of the underwater multi-layered protective bulkhead structure, we carried out several simulations to investigate the characteristics of the damaging load on the void cabin with a multi-layered protective bulkhead subjected to underwater contact explosion. We adopted a typical three-tank structure model for our examination of the characteristics, conducted their analysis using the Dytran software, obtained a simplified model of the load, and derived by fitting the calculation formula of the quasi-static pressure of the load in the smooth pulse stage in the void cabin. The results from the calculation show that the damaging load in the void cabin can be characterized as two stages on a time scale, i.e. the air expansion diffusion stage and the smooth pulse stage, and as two areas in spatial distribution, i.e. the normal reflection area and the Mach reflection area. The loads on the normal reflection area are the initial shock-wave load followed by the quasi-static gas pressure and those on the Mach reflection area are mainly quasi-static gas pressure.
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图 1 结构横剖面图与有限元模型(单位：mm)
Figure 1. Transverse section of the structure and the FEM model (unit: mm)
图 4 膨胀空舱中横剖面的压力变化历程(装药量300 g TNT)
Figure 4. Variation history of pressures on the mid transverse section of the void cabin (300 g TNT)
图 5 膨胀舱壁承受压力典型测点布置图(单位：mm)
Figure 5. Pressure-measuring point arrangement on isolate bulkhead (unit: mm)
图 8 准静态气压公式计算与计算结果
Figure 8. Formula calculation and simulation results of quasi-static pressure
表 1 结构材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters for the structure
材料 σ0/MPa 泊松比 E/GPa Eh/MPa) ρ/(kg·m-3) 失效应变 D/s-1 n 普通船用钢 235 0.3 210 250 7 800 0.28 40.4 5 低合金船用钢 490 0.3 210 1 305 7 800 0.28 0.000 6 50.8 
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表 2 初始冲击波强度i1理论值与计算值
Table 2. Theoretical value and simulation value of the initial shock wave intensity
TNT药量/g i1/(Pa·s) P2点理论值 P2点计算值 P3点理论值 P3点计算值 P4点理论值 P4点计算值 100 1 455.96 1 625.48 1 959.00 2 082.93 1 588.32 1 762.26 150 1 907.85 1 875.32 2 567.02 2 603.77 2 081.29 1 889.21 200 2 311.20 2 288.91 3 109.72 3 059.32 2 521.30 2 487.93 250 2 681.91 2 748.75 3 608.51 3 498.17 2 925.72 3 074.00 300 3 028.52 3 153.06 4 074.89 3 556.57 3 303.84 3 503.23 350 3 356.31 3 183.65 4 515.93 4 381.88 3 661.43 3 696.69 400 3 668.80 3 453.72 4 936.37 4 759.65 4 002.32 4 008.74
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表 3 5 ms时膨胀舱各测点的平均准静态压力
Table 3. Average quasi-static pressure on measuring points at 5 ms
TNT药量/g p/MPa P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 pe 100 0.459 0.242 0.227 0.271 0.316 0.329 0.422 0.322 0.323 150 0.478 0.265 0.305 0.402 0.502 0.575 0.461 0.598 0.448 200 0.574 0.428 0.414 0.473 0.287 0.677 0.827 0.661 0.543 250 0.625 0.505 0.406 0.401 0.598 0.686 0.677 0.667 0.571 300 0.799 0.434 0.439 0.490 0.689 0.776 0.658 0.728 0.627 350 0.768 0.493 0.603 0.705 0.885 0.851 0.706 0.840 0.731 400 0.867 0.605 0.560 0.612 0.834 0.891 0.930 0.911 0.776
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