Influences of material properties of a projectile on hypervelocity penetration depth
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摘要: 为研究弹体材料参数(主要指屈服强度、韧性等)对超高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻深度的影响规律,开展了不同材料性能的93W钨合金柱形弹以
2300 ~3600 m/s的速度侵彻混凝土靶实验,得到了不同材料性能弹体的侵彻深度和残余弹体长度实验数据,并结合已有文献中的实验结果以及数值模拟方法,分析了材料参数对侵彻深度、残余弹体长度的影响规律。得到的结论如下:(1)如果弹体材料的韧性增强而强度不变,残余弹体特征参数并未显著改变,侵彻深度无显著变化,侵彻深度极大值对应的弹速也无显著变化;(2)如果弹体材料的强度提高而韧性不变,则弹体抵抗侵蚀的能力提升,使弹体残余长度增加,侵彻阶段的临界转变速度增加,进而使刚体侵彻深度和总侵深增加,同时使弹体侵彻深度极大值对应的侵彻速度提高。Abstract: In order to study the influence of projectile material parameters (mainly strength, toughness, etc.) on the penetration depth of hypervelocity penetrating concrete targets, experiments of 93W tungsten alloy column-shaped projectiles with different material properties penetrating concrete targets at2300 –3600 m/s were carried out on a 57/10 two-stage light gas gun. The projectile velocity was measured by a laser velocimetry system, of which the uncertainty is less than 1%. The experimental data of penetration depth and residual projectile length of different projectiles were obtained by computed tomography (CT) diagnosis technology, which can achieve a measurement accuracy of 0.1 mm. Combined with the experimental results and numerical simulation of Euler type finite element method in the literature, the influences of material parameters on the penetration depth and length of the residual projectile at different impact velocities were analyzed. Numerical simulation was carried out based on the AUTODYN software. In the simulation process, tungsten alloy was described by the Grüneisen equation of state and Steinberg constitutive model, while concrete was described by the pressure-porosity equation of state and RHT dynamic damage constitutive model. The conclusions obtained are as follows. (1) If the toughness of the projectile material increases and the strength does not change, the characteristic parameters of the residual projectile, the penetration depth, and the velocity of the corresponding maximum penetration depth do not change significantly. (2) If the strength of the projectile material increases and the toughness is constant, the ability of the projectile to resist erosion can be enhanced, the residual length of the projectile increases, and the critical transition speed increases, thereby increasing the rigid penetration depth and total penetration depth. At the same time, the velocity corresponding to the maximum value of the projectile penetration depth increases.-
Key words:
- hypervelocity /
- penetration /
- tungsten alloy projectile /
- strength /
- toughness /
- concrete /
- two-stage light gas gun
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表 1 3种弹体的材料性能参数
Table 1. Material performance parameters of three kinds of projectiles
表 2 Ⅰ型弹体(高韧性93W钨合金)超高速侵彻混凝土靶成坑数据
Table 2. Crater data of Type Ⅰ projectile (high-toughness 93W) penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocities
实验编号 撞击速度/(m∙s−1) 攻角/(°) 侵彻深度/mm 弹坑直径/mm 弹体余长/mm 弹体余长误差/mm 1-1 2390 4 81.0 120.0 4.8 1.2 1-2 2740 6 86.0 112.1 4.6 1.2 1-3 2990 8 75.0 130.0 2.7 1.3 1-4 3310 0 69.9 142.8 0 0 1-5 3580 6 64.1 144.5 0 0 表 3 Ⅱ型弹体(高强度93W钨合金)超高速侵彻混凝土靶成坑数据
Table 3. Crater data of Type Ⅱ projectile (high strength 93W) penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocities
实验编号 撞击速度/(m∙s−1) 攻角/(°) 侵彻深度/mm 弹坑直径/mm 弹体余长/mm 弹体余长误差/mm 2-1 2330 4 79.2 117.0 6.1 1.3 2-2 2680 5 84.6 120.8 5.1 1.2 2-3 2910 0 87.1 125.6 4.1 1.2 2-4 3350 0 82.4 145.3 3.4 1.2 2-5 3500 7 67.6 132.5 0 0 表 4 Ⅲ型弹体(标准93W钨合金)超高速侵彻混凝土靶成坑数据[8]
Table 4. Crater data of type Ⅲ projectiles (standard 93W) penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocities[8]
实验编号 撞击速度/(m∙s−1) 攻角/(°) 侵彻深度/mm 弹坑直径/mm 弹体余长/mm 弹体余长误差/mm 3-1 1820 7 67.0 3-2 1970 4 69.8 104.5 6.2 1.1 3-3 2020 5 80.6 103.3 6.7 1.2 3-4 2350 0 84.2 101.6 4.9 1.4 3-5 2390 4 82.5 105.5 5.6 0.1 3-6 2610 2 85.9 117.0 4.5 1.1 3-7 2660 0 84.0 115.9 4.2 0.1 3-8 2860 5 84.1 112.0 4.4 1.3 3-9 2900 4 76.7 105.9 3.2 1.4 3-10 3080 8 66.5 127.7 0 0 3-11 3190 0 68.0 128.0 0 0 3-12 3360 0 63.8 131.9 0 0 3-13 3360 4 61.0 144.5 0 0 3-14 3460 5 65.0 136.7 0 0 3-15 3660 7 58.3 141.4 0 0 注:实验3-1因靶体未加钢箍,破碎较严重,无法观测残余弹体 表 5 最大侵深时3种弹体毁伤参数的对比
Table 5. Comparison of the damage parameters for three types of projectiles at the maximum penetration depth
弹体 撞击速度/(m∙s−1) 侵彻深度/mm 弹坑直径/mm 弹体余长/mm I型弹 2740 86.0 112.18 4.6 II型弹 2910 87.1 125.6 4.1 III型弹[8] 2610 85.9 117.0 4.5 表 6 标准93W钨合金材料模型参数
Table 6. Material model parameters of standard 93W tungsten alloy
ρ/(kg·m−3) G0/GPa σys/GPa Tm0/K C/(m·s−1) S1 A 17600 160 1.5 2 766 4 040 1.23 183.85 (G′p·G0)/GPa−1 (G′T·G0)/K−1 β n γ0 a' σm/GPa 0.0094 0.00014 7.7 0.13 1.67 1.3 6 表 7 混凝土的材料模型参数
Table 7. Material parameters of concrete
G0/GPa fc/MPa ft/fc fs/fc A B ρ/(kg·m−3) M D1 D2 $ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}^{\mathrm{min}} $ N 16.7 42.7 0.1 0.18 1.4 1.4 2.2 0.5 0.04 1 0.01 0.5 -
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