远场冲击波下螺旋桨毁伤与空化特征研究

王志凯; 郑景洲; 杨洋; 夏辉衡; 姚熊亮

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0395

远场冲击波下螺旋桨毁伤与空化特征研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0395

1.
哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
2.
中国船舶集团工程管理中心，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家重大专项（J2019I00170016）；国家自然科学基金（12472366）；黑龙江省优秀青年基金（YQ2021E009）

详细信息

作者简介:
王志凯（1989－　），男，博士，教授，wangzhikai@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
计量
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- HTML全文浏览量: 61
- PDF下载量: 117
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-31
- 修回日期: 2024-03-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-05

Research on damage and cavitation characteristics of propellers under far field shock waves

1.
College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
2.
China Shipbuilding Group Engineering Management Center, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 螺旋桨是舰船推进系统的核心部件，其运动稳定性和效率直接影响舰船的性能。当前推进轴系抗冲击研究大多将螺旋桨等效成均质圆盘，忽略其结构特征，不能准确得到水下爆炸瞬态冲击下螺旋桨的瞬态毁伤特征。本文中针对螺旋桨的结构特征，基于湿模态分析法得到实体建模优于壳体建模，开展了远场冲击波作用下螺旋桨物面空化冲击动响应及毁伤特征分析，并结合螺旋桨高速旋转状态下产生的水动力空化现象，进一步分析螺旋桨瞬态毁伤特征规律。结果表明：在0°与90°攻角下，冲击波入射波作用于螺旋桨表面的物面载荷更高，但存在一个上限值，其与螺旋桨结构特征有关。在计及水动力空化状态下，桨叶的应力水平变化较为一致；桨叶主要塑性损伤区为叶根处，存在局部塑性和完全塑性两种模式。探讨了远场爆炸下螺旋桨毁伤与空化特征，研究结果可为推进轴系及螺旋桨抗冲击防护提供参考。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 螺旋桨 /
- 毁伤特性 /
- 空化效应
Abstract: The propeller is a critical component of a ship’s propulsion system that significantly influences the vessel’s performance through its stability and efficiency. Current research on the propulsion shaft system’s anti-shock properties often oversimplifies the propeller as a uniform circular disk, which disregards its structural intricacies and leads to inaccuracies in the transient damage characteristics during underwater explosions. This research focused on the propeller’s structural details and developed both an equivalent shell model and a more intricate solid model. Through structural wet modal numerical simulations, the study had determined that solid modeling outperforms shell modeling in accuracy. This finding is corroborated by comparisons with empirical formulas, thereby validating the fluid-structure coupling analysis model. Building upon this foundation, the research examines the propeller’s transient shock response and damage characteristics when subjected to far-field shockwaves. Utilizing the total wave algorithm in ABAQUS, the investigation extends to the cavitation and damage patterns of the propeller under such conditions, with confirmation provided by the one-dimensional Bleich-Sandler finite element model. To delve deeper into the phenomenon of hydrodynamic cavitation caused by the propeller’s high-speed rotation, the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method was applied. Initially, a simplified propeller model was created to confirm the cavitation bubble layer’s fragmentation due to the flow field load resulting from explosive product expansion. Subsequent modifications to the propeller’s transient fluid-structure coupling calculation model allow for a more thorough analysis of its transient damage characteristics. The findings indicate that at attack angles of 0° and 90°, the propeller surface experiences heightened shockwave loads, albeit with a threshold linked to the propeller’s structural properties. When hydrodynamic cavitation is factored in, the stress distribution on the propeller blade tends to be more uniform; the blade’s primary plastic damage is localized at the root, exhibiting both localized and complete plastic deformation patterns. This research elucidates the damage and cavitation effects on propellers due to far-field explosions, offering valuable insights for enhancing the anti-shock defenses of both the propulsion shaft system and the propeller itself.
- underwater explosion /
- propeller /
- damage characteristics /
- cavitation effect

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图 1 螺旋桨模型

Figure 1. Propeller model

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图 2 螺旋桨一阶湿模态

Figure 2. First-order wet modes of propeller

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图 3 Bleich-Sandler平板模型

Figure 3. Bleich-Sandler plate model

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图 4 冲击波压力曲线

Figure 4. Shock wave pressure curve

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图 5 一维Bleich-Sandler有限元模型

Figure 5. One-dimensional Bleich-Sandler finite element model

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图 6 平板速度随时间的变化曲线理论与计算值对比

Figure 6. Comparison of the plate velocity-time curves between theoretical and calculation values

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图 7 爆源位置示意图

Figure 7. Detonation source location diagram

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图 8 不同攻角物面空化区域

Figure 8. Cavitation zones at different angles of attack

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图 9 空化区域体积随攻角的变化

Figure 9. Change of cavitation zone volume with the angle of attack

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图 10 不同冲击因子下的物面空化区域

Figure 10. Cavitation zones at the material surface under different shock factors

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图 11 空化区域体积随冲击因子变化曲线

Figure 11. Change of cavitation zone volume with shock factor

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图 12 物面空化溃灭二次加载

Figure 12. Cavitation collapse secondary loading on object surface

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图 13 二次加载压力峰值随功角变化曲线

Figure 13. Change of secondary loading peak pressure with angles of attack

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图 14 90°攻角下二次加载压力峰值随网格尺寸变化

Figure 14. Change of the secondary loading peak pressurewith mesh size at 90° angle of attack

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图 15 测点位置

Figure 15. Position of measuring points

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图 16 冲击因子为1.0 kg^1/2/m时不同攻角下不同测点位移响应

Figure 16. Deflection responses of different measuring points at different angles of attack when the shock factor is 1.0 kg^1/2/m

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图 17 冲击因子为1.3 kg^1/2/m时不同攻角下不同测点的等效塑性应变分布

Figure 17. Equivalent plastic strain of different measuring points at different angles of attack when the shock factor is 1.3 kg^1/2/m

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图 18 爆源-空化层-物面冲击波传递数值模拟示意图

Figure 18. Simulation of explosion source-cavitation layer-surface shock wave transmission

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图 19 流场压力云图

Figure 19. Flow-field pressure contours

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图 20 空化泡层体积变化

Figure 20. Variation of cavitation bubble layer volume

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图 21 板面应力波传递云图

Figure 21. Stress wave propagation contour on the plate surface

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图 22 空化泡层示意图

Figure 22. Schematic diagram of cavitation bubble layer

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图 23 冲击载荷作用下桨叶的轴向位移

Figure 23. Axial displacement of blade under shock load

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图 24 相同攻角不同冲击因子下典型测点位移响应

Figure 24. Deflection response of typical measuring points under different shock factors at the same angle of attack

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图 25 冲击因子为1.3 kg^1/2/m时不同攻角下不同测点的塑性变形云图

Figure 25. Contour of the plastic deformation cloud at different measuring point when the shock factor is 1.3 kg^1/2/m

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表 1 螺旋桨材料参数

Table 1. Propeller material parameters

密度/ (kg∙m⁻³)	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	强度极限/ MPa
7600	117	0.3	630

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表 2 螺旋桨部分设计参数

Table 2. Design parameters of propeller part

直径D/ mm	叶数Z	切面形状	螺距H/ mm	螺距比 H/D	后倾角α/(°)	毂径比 d/D
6000	5	弓型	4200	0.7	15	0.183

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表 3 螺旋桨固有频率数值模拟与理论值对比

Table 3. Comparison of propeller intrinsic frequency between simulation and theoretical values

方法	实体一阶湿模态固有频率/ Hz		壳体一阶湿模态固有频率/Hz
方法	一阶挥舞	一阶扭转	一阶挥舞	一阶扭转
数值模拟	14.87	35.81	12.01	31.91
经验公式	14.09	33.38	14.09	30.54
相对误差/%	5.6	7.3	−14.7	−8.5

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表 4 计算工况

Table 4. Working condition

工况	攻角/(°)	冲击因子/（kg^1/2·m⁻¹）	工况	攻角/(°)	冲击因子/（kg^1/2·m⁻¹）
1	0	0.4	9	60	0.4
2		0.7	10		0.7
3		1.0	11		1.0
4		1.3	12		1.3
5	30	0.4	13	90	0.4
6		0.7	14		0.7
7		1.0	15		1.0
8		1.3	16		1.3

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表 5 不同尺寸网格数量

Table 5. Mesh quantities for different sizes

轴体网格尺寸/ mm	桨叶网格尺寸/ mm	网格数量
200	100	23 343
160	80	57 599
100	50	153 536
90	45	207 462
80	40	302 294
70	35	576 104
60	30	654 490
50	25	1 105 909

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表 6 不同攻角下螺旋桨的塑性损伤情况

Table 6. Plastic damage of propeler at different angles of attack

攻角/(°)	根部塑性损伤叶片数量	3/4半径叶缘处塑性损伤峰值范围/%	3/4半径叶缘处塑性损伤平均值范围/%	塑性损伤范围总值/%
0	5	3.4	3.0	13.1
30	4	1.9	1.3	7.5
60	4	1.0	0.5	3.5
90	5	3.2	2.7	14.4

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表 7 不同攻角塑性损伤情况

Table 7. Plastic damage at different angles of attack

攻角/（°）	叶根塑性损伤模式	塑性损伤范围/%
0	局部塑性	4.4
30	局部塑性	4.2
60	整体塑性	5.6
90	整体塑性	7.9

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