Research progress of shock induced polarization effect in solid mediums
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摘要: 冲击波在固体介质内传播时,内部电荷随冲击波作用向两极迁移形成电势差并对外输出电压/电流的极化效应称作冲击极化效应。针对晶体、金属、陶瓷以及聚合物等典型固体介质的冲击极化效应进行了系统梳理;总结了现阶段发展的冲击极化测试方法,分析了落锤/摆锤、SHPB、轻气炮以及炸药爆轰等加载方式诱发固体介质极化响应的差异;概述了有限元方法、分子动力学、近场动力学方法以及相场分析方法在固体介质冲击极化数值模拟领域的应用;围绕Allison理论、张裕恒理论、冲击挠曲电理论以及冲击波相关理论,总结了固体介质冲击极化的宏观唯象理论,并从固体介质微观结构、载流子输运模式、输运模型、迁移率以及态密度等方面说明了冲击极化的微观机理;分析了冲击极化效应在传感器、俘能器以及致动器等领域的应用前景,对固体介质冲击极化效应的发展趋势和需求进行了展望。Abstract: When shock waves propagate in solid mediums, the internal charge carriers migrate to the electrodes under the action of shock waves to form electric potential and output voltage/current - shock induced polarization effect (SIP). The development of SIP effect has challenged the traditional understanding of physical response of solid medium. In this paper, the SIP effects of typical solid mediums such as crystals, metals, ceramics and polymers are systematically reviewed. The SIP test methods developed at present are also summarized, and the characteristics of SIP induced by different loading methods such as drop hammer/pendulum, SHPB, light gas gun and explosive detonation are analyzed. The applications of finite element method, molecular dynamics, peridynamic and phase field analysis in the numerical simulation of SIP of solid mediums are summarized. The macroscopic phenomenology theories of SIP of solid mediums are summarized based on Allison theory, Zhang Yuheng theory, shock flexoelectric theory and shock wave theory, and the microscopic mechanism of SIP is explained considering the microstructure of solid medium, carrier transport mode, transport model, mobility and state density. Furthermore, the application prospect of SIP effect in sensors, energy harvesters and actuators are analyzed, also, the development trend and demand of SIP in solid media are also prospected.
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Key words:
- shock induced polarization /
- solid medium /
- charge carriers /
- shock wave
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表 1 典型动态加载技术的特点
Table 1. Characteristics of typical dynamic loading technology
实验方法 应变率/s−1 响应特性 主要应用 落锤/摆锤 1~102 弹塑性变形,伴随损伤破坏 测定抗冲击强度,变形与吸能 SHPB 102~104 弹塑相变,粘性与应变率效应明显 确定动态本构模型 轻气炮 104~106 出现流体性态,考虑密度与可压缩性 确定状态方程 爆轰 >106 呈流体力学状态,伴有熔融与汽化 可计算爆轰波,确定状态方程 -
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