弹体高速侵彻花岗岩靶体的结构响应特性

韩明海; 刘闯; 李鹏程; 刘子涵; 张先锋

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0145

弹体高速侵彻花岗岩靶体的结构响应特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0145

南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12202205，12141202）；

详细信息

作者简介:
韩明海（2000－　），男，硕士研究生，minghaidadi@163.com

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 文章访问数: 99
- HTML全文浏览量: 11
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-17
- 修回日期: 2024-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-24

A study on structural response characteristics of projectile penetrating on granite target

School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究弹体斜侵彻花岗岩靶体的结构响应特性，基于30 mm弹道炮平台，开展了弹体斜侵彻花岗岩靶试验，获得了非正侵彻作用下弹体结构破坏参数。在此基础上，结合数值模拟方法研究了弹体斜侵彻花岗岩靶的弹体结构变形及断裂机制，分析了侵彻初始条件对弹体结构响应的影响规律。研究结果表明：弹体非正侵彻花岗岩靶体时，易发生弯曲和断裂；弹体头尾部所受非对称力是影响弹体响应特性的主要因素，弹体的变形破坏程度由弹体头尾部角速度差峰值大小决定；随着攻角的增大，弹体弯曲程度线性增大，攻角增大到8°时，弹体发生断裂；随着着角的增大，弹体弯曲程度先增大后减小再增大，着角为15°时，弹体弯曲程度最小，着角达到30°时，弹体发生断裂；与着角相比，攻角对弹体结构响应行为的影响更显著；攻角与着角联合作用时，着角的引入会增大弹体临界断裂正攻角，负攻角会削弱弹体抵抗弯曲变形和断裂的能力；撞击速度高于1600 m/s时，弹体撞击速度成为弹体产生不同响应行为的主控因素。
- 弹体 /
- 侵彻 /
- 岩石靶 /
- 结构响应
Abstract: In order to explore the structural response characteristics of projectile obliquely penetrating granite target, based on a 30 mm ballistic gun platform, the tests of projectile obliquely penetrating granite target were carried out, and the damage parameters of projectile structure under non-normal penetration were obtained. On this basis, combined with the numerical simulation, the deformation and fracture mechanism of the projectile structure of the projectile obliquely penetrating the granite target are studied, and the influence of the initial conditions of penetration on the structural response of the projectile is analyzed. The results show that the projectile is prone to bending and fracture when it is not penetrating the granite target. The asymmetric force on the head and tail of the projectile is the main factor affecting the response characteristics of the projectile. The degree of deformation and failure of the projectile is determined by the peak value of the angular velocity difference between the head and tail of the projectile. As the yaw increases, the bending degree of the projectile increases linearly, and the projectile breaks when the yaw increases to 8°. With the increase of the impact angle, the bending degree of the projectile increases first, followed by decrease and then increase again. When the impact angle is 15°, the bending degree of the projectile is the smallest. When the impact angle reaches 30°, the projectile breaks. Compared with the impact angle, the yaw has a more significant effect on the response behavior of the projectile structure. When the yaw and impact angle are combined, the introduction of the impact angle will increase the critical fracture positive yaw of the projectile, and the negative yaw will weaken the ability of the projectile to resist bending deformation and fracture. When the impact velocity is greater than 1600 m/s, the impact velocity of the projectile becomes the main controlling factor for the different response behaviors of the projectile.
- projectile /
- penetration /
- rock target /
- structural response

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图 1 试验弹体

Figure 1. Projectile used in the experiment

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图 2 试验靶体

Figure 2. Targets used in the experiments

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图 3 试验布局

Figure 3. Experimental layout

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图 4 弹体侵彻条件示意图

Figure 4. Condition of penetration

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图 5 弹体飞行姿态分析

Figure 5. Flying attitude of projectile

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图 6 弹体侵彻岩石靶动态开坑过程

Figure 6. The dynamic process during the cratering stage of the projectile penetration into a granite target

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图 7 靶体典型破坏形貌

Figure 7. Photographs of typical destruction on the target

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图 8 不同初始速度下靶体的侵彻深度和开坑体积

Figure 8. Depth of penetration and crater volume of target under different velocity

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图 9 不同工况下试验前后弹体的对比

Figure 9. Comparison of the projectile before and after the experiment under different working condition

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图 10 有限元模型

Figure 10. Finite element model

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图 11 靶体开坑破坏对比

Figure 11. Experimental carter damage of target compared with numerical simulation

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图 12 试验4中的弹体头尾部角速度

Figure 12. Nose and tail angular velocity of the projectile in test 4

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图 13 试验4中的弹体典型时刻受力分析

Figure 13. Force analysis of typical moment of the projectile in test 4

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图 14 弹体头尾部角速度

Figure 14. Nose and tail angular velocity of projectile

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图 15 弹体破坏形貌对比

Figure 15. Comparisons between simulation and test results for deformation of projectiles

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图 16 侵彻深度结果对比

Figure 16. Comparison of the penetration depth results

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图 17 弹体头尾部角速度

Figure 17. Nose and tail angular velocity of projectile

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图 18 不同攻角角速度差

Figure 18. Angular velocity difference under different yaws

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图 19 弹体弯曲程度及量化方法

Figure 19. Bending degree of projectile and quantification method

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图 20 不同着角角速度差

Figure 20. Angular velocity difference under different impact angle

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图 21 35°着角弹体头尾部角速度

Figure 21. Nose and tail angular velocity of projectile under 35° impact angle

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图 22 35°着角弹体典型时刻受力分析

Figure 22. Force analysis of 35° impact angle projectile at typical moment

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图 23 弹体弯曲程度

Figure 23. Bending degree of projectile

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图 24 15°着角弹体头尾部角速度

Figure 24. Nose and tail angular velocities of projectile with 15° impact angle

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图 25 10°攻角和着角的弹体角速度差对比

Figure 25. Comparison of angular velocity difference of 10° yaw and impact angle

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图 26 增大着角时弹体的角速度差

Figure 26. Angular velocity difference varying with impact angle

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图 27 增大攻角时弹体的角速度差

Figure 27. Angular velocity difference varying with yaw

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图 28 弹体头尾部角速度

Figure 28. Nose and tail angular velocities of projectile

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图 29 增大着角弹体角速度差

Figure 29. Angular velocity difference varying with impact angle

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图 30 增大攻角弹体角速度差

Figure 30. Angular velocity difference varying with yaw

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图 31 弹体弯曲程度

Figure 31. Bending degree of projectile

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图 32 不同撞击速度弹体结构响应变化规律

Figure 32. A map characterizing the structural response of projectile under different impact velocities

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表 1 弹体主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of projectile

材料	d/mm	l/mm	CRH	m/g	h_t/mm	HRC
30CrMnSiNi2A	30	180	3	550	5	45-50

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表 2 弹靶交会初始条件

Table 2. Initial condition of projectile-target intersection

试验编号	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	α/(°)	β/(°)
1	467	−1.1	1.1
2	666	−3.0	3.0
3	749	2.3	2.3
4	792	−10.6	10.6
5	834	9.0	9.0
6	892	−3.5	3.5

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表 3 弹体侵彻花岗岩靶的试验结果

Table 3. Test results of projectile penetrating granite target

试验编号	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	α/(°)	β/(°)	P/mm	V_c/cm³	弹体结构破坏
1	467	−1.1	1.1	90	1660	侵蚀
2	666	−3.0	3.0	128	4360	−
3	749	2.3	2.3	137	5143	弯曲
4	792	−10.6	10.6	82	2318	断裂
5	834	9.0	9.0	93	2784	断裂
6	892	−3.5	3.5	168	10440	弯曲

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表 4 不同工况下弹体的质量损失率与长度缩短率

Table 4. Mass loss rate and length shortening rate of projectile body under different working condition

试验编号	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	α/(°)	β/(°)	δ/%	γ/%
1	467	−1.1	1.1	0.8	0.3
2	666	−3.0	3.0	−	−
3	749	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.7
4	792	−10.6	10.6	22.3	55.6
5	834	9.0	9.0	−	61.1
6	892	−3.5	3.5	4.0	3.06

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表 5 弹体材料参数^[41-42]

Table 5. Projectile material parameters^[41-42]

材料	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	v
30CrMnSiNi2A	7.85	210	1314	1028	0.479	0.019	0.3

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表 6 靶体材料参数^[43-45]

Table 6. Target material parameters^[43-45]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	G/GPa	f_c/MPa	f_t^*	f_s^*	A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa	B₀	B₁
2.66	21.9	167.8	0.04	0.21	25.7	37.84	21.29	1.22	1.22

T₁/GPa	P_el/MPa	P_co/GPa	α₀	n	A	N	Q₀	B	β_c
25.7	125	6.0	1.0	3.0	2.44	0.76	0.68	0.05	0.026

β_t	A_f	n_f	g^*_c	g^*_t	ξ	D₁	D₂	ε
0.007	1.78	0.80	0.53	0.7	0.5	0.04	1.0	0.015

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