摘要:
为探究破碎浮冰覆盖密度对结构物入水空泡演化的影响,利用高速摄影技术,开展不同破碎浮冰覆盖密度下结构物倾斜入水实验。此外,通过对比不同碎冰覆盖密度工况下结构物倾斜入水过程,获得了碎冰覆盖密度对结构物倾斜入水空泡演化特性的影响规律。结果表明:与无冰环境相比,当空泡扩张时,破碎浮冰通过阻碍液面流体的向外扩张,致使空泡的直径减小;而空泡闭合时,碎冰亦会阻碍液面流体的向内收缩,延长空泡扩张时间,此时空泡内空气总量增加,空泡内外压差减小,最终导致空泡的闭合时间延迟。随着碎冰覆盖密度的逐渐增加,其对液面流体向内收缩的阻碍作用逐渐增强,进一步延缓了空泡的闭合时间,空泡的长度和最大直径也相应增大。碎冰覆盖密度较小的工况在空泡溃灭时会出现指向空泡内部的射流。此外,碎冰覆盖密度较大的工况下,流体的无规则冲击使得空泡壁出现褶皱。随着结构物入水深度的增加,空泡在环境压力作用下会出现深颈缩现象。随着碎冰覆盖密度的逐渐增加,结构物的水下运动速度相较于无冰环境呈现出更快的衰减趋势。
Abstract:
To investigate the influence of the density of crushed ice region on the cavity evolution of the structure, the oblique water-entry experiment of the structure was conducted by high-speed photography technology under different crushed ice cover densities. Moreover, by compared the water-entry process of oblique structures in varying densities of crushed ice cover, the influence of crushed ice cover densities on the cavity evolution for the oblique water-entry process of the structure was obtained.
Results indicate that during the cavity expansion, the presence of crushed ice reduces the cavity diameter by impeding the outward
expansion of the fluid near the free surface, compare with the ice-free environment. When the cavity closes, crushed ice also impede the inward contraction of the free surface fluid, and prolong the time of the expansion of the cavity. The augmentation in the total volume of air within the cavity results in a decrement of the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the cavity, ultimately leads to a retardation in the closure time of the cavity. As the coverage density of crushed ice gradually increases, the impedance exerted by the crushed ice on the inward contraction of fluid at the free surface progressively intensifies. This enhanced obstruction from the crushed ice further prolongs the closure time of the cavity, concurrently augments its length and maximum diameter. In conditions of lower crushed ice densities, jets point to the interior of the cavity when the cavity collapses. Besides, under conditions of higher crushed ice cover densities, the cavity wall is wrinkled by the irregular impact of the fluid. As the submerged depth of the structure increases, the cavity undergoes a deep necking phenomenon under the influence of ambient pressure. As the coverage density of crushed ice gradually increases, The velocity of the underwater motion of structures shows a trend of faster decay compared to ice-free environments.