多航行体水下发射弹道干扰特性影响数值研究

李腾; 仇洋; 姚伟光; 桂毓林; 潘光; 郑晓波

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0435

多航行体水下发射弹道干扰特性影响数值研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0435

李腾^{1, 2,},
仇洋¹,
姚伟光¹,
桂毓林¹,
潘光²,
郑晓波^1, ,

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
西北工业大学航海学院，陕西西安 710072

详细信息

作者简介:
李　腾（1999－　），男，硕士，助理工程师，liteng201606@163.com

通讯作者:
郑晓波（1986－　），男，博士，高级工程师，zxb3710@163.com

中图分类号: O368; TJ762.4
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- 文章访问数: 289
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-05
- 修回日期: 2025-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2026-01-05

Numerical study on the influence of trajectory interference characteristics of multiple projectiles underwater launch

LI Teng^{1, 2
,},
QIU Yang¹,
YAO Weiguang¹,
GUI Yulin¹,
PAN Guang²,
ZHENG Xiaobo^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 多航行体水下发射过程中，航行体处于复杂多变的流场环境，其运动弹道偏转不仅受初始速度、横流等条件的影响，还受多体间相互干扰效应的制约。为研究多体水下发射的空泡演化与弹道干扰特性，基于重叠网格技术与有限体积法，结合六自由度运动模型，建立了多体水下发射数值仿真模型，系统分析了空间排列方式、发射速度及横流对弹道偏转的影响机制。结果表明：空间排列方式对弹道偏移的影响较小，实际应用中可采用等边三角形排列以优化发射空间利用率；发射速度增大时，航行体尾涡干扰加剧，流场扰动显著增强，导致弹道间相互干扰效应更加明显；横流速度的增加会加剧模型肩部空泡发展的不对称性，当横流速度超过0.75 m/s时，横流成为弹道偏转的主导因素。研究结果可为多体水下发射的弹道预测和布局优化提供理论依据。
- 多航行体 /
- 弹道 /
- 出水 /
- 空化流场
Abstract: During the underwater launch of multiple projectiles, each projectile operates within a highly complex and dynamic flow field, where its trajectory deflection is influenced by a combination of factors. These factors include initial conditions such as the projectile’s velocity and the presence of crossflow, as well as the mutual interference effects among the projectiles. To gain a deeper understanding of the cavitation evolution and trajectory interference characteristics during the underwater launch of multiple projectiles, this study develops a comprehensive numerical simulation model. The model integrates the overlapping grid technique and the finite volume method and is coupled with a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion model. Through this model, the influence mechanisms of spatial arrangement, launch velocity, and crossflow on trajectory deflection are systematically analyzed. The results of this study reveal several important findings. First, the spatial arrangement of the projectiles has a relatively minor impact on trajectory deflection. An equilateral triangular configuration is found to be an optimal choice for practical applications, as it maximizes the efficient utilization of the launch space. Second, as the launch velocity increases, the wake interference between projectiles becomes more pronounced. This intensified interference leads to significant disturbances in the flow field and stronger mutual trajectory interference among the projectiles. Third, higher crossflow velocities exacerbate the asymmetric development of cavitation near the projectile shoulders. When the crossflow velocity exceeds 0.75 m/s, it becomes the dominant factor influencing trajectory deflection. These research findings provide a robust theoretical foundation for trajectory prediction and layout optimization in the underwater launch of multiple projectiles.
- multiple projectiles /
- trajectory /
- water exit /
- cavitation flow field

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图 1 水下发射的不同阶段

Figure 1. Different stages of underwater launch

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图 2 重叠网格

Figure 2. Overset mesh

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图 3 仿真模型及网格划分结果

Figure 3. Simulation model and meshing results

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图 4 运动初始时刻弹体表面的空泡形态

Figure 4. Cavitation pattern on projectile surface at initial motion stage

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图 5 水下发射弹体的运动速度

Figure 5. Velocity of underwater-launched projectile

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图 6 不同网格数量下航行体所受的流场力变化

Figure 6. Variation of fluid force on projectiles with different mesh quantity

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图 7 不同空间排列方式

Figure 7. Different spatial arrangements

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图 8 相对位置及坐标系

Figure 8. Relative position and coordinate system

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图 9 不同排列方式下各航行体的肩部空泡形态演化和弹道偏移

Figure 9. Evolution of shoulder cavitation and trajectory deviation of various projectiles under different arrangements

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图 10 不同排列下各航行体的弹道偏移变化

Figure 10. Variation of trajectory deviation of various projectiles under different arrangements

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图 11 不同发射速度下流场内的涡结构变化

Figure 11. Vortex structure evolution in flow field under different launch velocities

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图 12 不同发射速度下各航行体的弹道偏移

Figure 12. Trajectory deviation of various projectiles under different launch velocities

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图 13 不同横流速度下航行体在水中的流场变化

Figure 13. Flow field variations of underwater projectiles under different crossflow velocities

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图 14 不同横流速度下航行体的弹道偏移

Figure 14. Trajectory deviation of projectiles under different crossflow velocities

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表 1 各航行体所受流场力峰值

Table 1. Peak value of fluid force on various projectiles

L_mesh	所受流场力的峰值/N			与L_mesh =0.10d的误差/%
L_mesh	航行体1	航行体2	航行体3	航行体1	航行体2	航行体3
0.10d	2074	1938	1752
0.09d	1924	1773	1786	7.23	8.51	1.94
0.08d	1873	1761	1891	9.69	9.13	7.93

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表 2 同一水深处（2 500 mm）航行体的弹道偏移

Table 2. Trajectory deviation of projectile at identical water depth (2 500 mm)

排列方式	弹道偏移/mm
	航行体1			航行体2			航行体3
	x方向	z方向	总偏移	x方向	z方向	总偏移	x方向	z方向	总偏移
等边	−0.24	0.52	0.57	5.11	6.43	8.21	−0.70	0.76	1.03
等腰直角	−0.35	6.84	6.85	12.34	1.56	12.44	−9.01	10.55	13.87
等腰	−4.95	10.89	11.96	3.81	9.11	9.87	−3.14	4.76	5.70
最小偏移	0.57（等边）			8.21（等边）			1.03（等边）

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表 3 不同水深、发射速度工况下航行体的弹道偏移

Table 3. Trajectory deviation of projectiles under different water depths and launch velocities

速度/(m·s⁻¹)	航行体1弹道偏移/mm（h_y =3 000 mm）			航行体2弹道偏移/mm（h_y =2 500 mm）			航行体3弹道偏移/mm（h_y =1 850 mm）
速度/(m·s⁻¹)	x方向	z方向	总偏移	x方向	z方向	总偏移	x方向	z方向	总偏移
36.0	9.07	5.33	10.52	10.55	4.92	11.64	−0.22	4.13	4.14
32.0	1.11	4.73	4.86	2.63	−2.72	3.78	−3.21	2.06	3.81
30.0	15.09	0.46	15.10	5.11	6.43	8.21	−0.60	0.68	0.91
27.0	15.24	−1.24	15.29	−1.08	−7.89	7.96	−2.15	1.35	2.54
25.0	11.65	1.58	11.76	−3.38	0.53	3.42	−3.12	1.53	3.47
22.5	18.34	−0.17	18.34	−3.28	−5.05	6.02	−3.04	0.74	3.13
最大偏移	18.34 (22.5 m/s)			11.64 (36 m/s)			4.14 (36 m/s)

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表 4 不同横流速度下航行体的弹道偏移

Table 4. Trajectory deviation of projectiles under different crossflow velocities

横流速度/ (m·s⁻¹)	航行体1弹道偏移/mm			航行体2弹道偏移/mm			航行体3弹道偏移/mm
横流速度/ (m·s⁻¹)	x方向	z方向	总偏移	x方向	z方向	总偏移	x方向	z方向	总偏移
0.50	33.95	−4.11	34.20	−4.60	7.33	8.65	7.36	5.23	9.03
0.75	22.94	−4.59	23.39	40.65	12.25	42.46	10.99	4.78	11.98
1.00	59.98	−32.54	68.24	69.07	−3.13	69.14	19.86	6.23	20.81
最大偏移	68.24			69.14			20.81

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