Numerical analysis of damage characteristics of temperature-gradient ice layer under underwater explosion load

ZHANG Yujia; HOU Hailiang; CHEN Yingyu; LUO Yingqin

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0307

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ZHANG Yujia, HOU Hailiang, CHEN Yingyu, LUO Yingqin. Numerical analysis of damage characteristics of temperature-gradient ice layer under underwater explosion load[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0307

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ZHANG Yujia, HOU Hailiang, CHEN Yingyu, LUO Yingqin. Numerical analysis of damage characteristics of temperature-gradient ice layer under underwater explosion load[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0307

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Numerical analysis of damage characteristics of temperature-gradient ice layer under underwater explosion load

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0307

ZHANG Yujia^{1, 2, 3
,},
HOU Hailiang³,
CHEN Yingyu^{1, 2},
LUO Yingqin^{3
,
,}

1.
College of Ship Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
2.
Qingdao Innovation and Development Base, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266500, Shandong, China
3.
College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China

Received Date: 2025-09-18
Rev Recd Date: 2026-02-27

Available Online: 2026-03-06

Abstract

Abstract

To investigate the mechanism of underwater explosion-induced ice breaking in polar low-temperature environments and the influence of different factors on ice layer failure modes, numerical analysis was conducted using LS-DYNA finite element software. The influence of differences in atmospheric and seawater temperatures on the temperature distribution of natural sea ice in low-temperature environments was considered. The dynamic response and failure mechanism of the ice layer under shock-wave loads and bubble motion were analyzed. The factors influencing the ice-breaking effect and the failure modes of the ice layer were investigated. The results show that under typical operating conditions, the dynamic response of ice layers can be chronologically divided into five stages: the stress wave action stage, the initial crack initiation stage, the local bending deformation stage, the overall retreat stage, and the jet penetration stage. Increasing the charge mass can enhance the range of ice fragmentation and crack zones, but the ice breaking efficiency per unit charge shows a decreasing trend. There exists an optimal detonation distance, and due to the different load characteristics of shock waves and bubbles, the optimal detonation distance for the fragmentation zone is greater than that for the crack zone. The ice layer thickness has a nonlinear effect on the ice breaking effectiveness. As the thickness increases, the radius of the fragmentation zone gradually decreases, while the radius of the crack zone dominated by bubble motion increases within a certain range. It is found that the range of the fragmentation zone is minimally affected by temperature gradients, but temperature gradients have a significant impact on the range of the ice layer crack zone, with the radius of the crack zone being 82.3% of that in the equivalent uniform-temperature ice layer. Therefore, when studying ice layers with large thickness and significant temperature differences, the influence of non-uniform temperature distribution must be considered.
- explosion breaking ice,
- shock wave,
- bubble,
- temperature gradient,
- destruction mode

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References(52)

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