Equivalence study of granite and reinforced concrete targets under penetration based on modified compensation method

YAN Zijian; WANG Wei; LIU Jiening; ZHOU Yongwang; OUYANG Xin

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0357

Volume 46 Issue 10

Oct. 2026

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YAN Zijian, WANG Wei, LIU Jiening, ZHOU Yongwang, OUYANG Xin. Equivalence study of granite and reinforced concrete targets under penetration based on modified compensation method[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2026, 46(10): 103301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0357

Citation:

YAN Zijian, WANG Wei, LIU Jiening, ZHOU Yongwang, OUYANG Xin. Equivalence study of granite and reinforced concrete targets under penetration based on modified compensation method[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2026, 46(10): 103301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0357

Citation:

YAN Zijian, WANG Wei, LIU Jiening, ZHOU Yongwang, OUYANG Xin. Equivalence study of granite and reinforced concrete targets under penetration based on modified compensation method[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2026, 46(10): 103301. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0357

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Equivalence study of granite and reinforced concrete targets under penetration based on modified compensation method

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0357

1.
Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China

Received Date: 2025-11-03
Rev Recd Date: 2026-01-05

Available Online: 2026-01-14

Publish Date: 2026-10-01

Abstract

Abstract

Because of the difficulty in obtaining granite materials and the high cost of conducting penetration tests on granite targets, an equivalence study between reinforced concrete and granite targets was carried out. To establish the equivalence relationship between the two target types, dimensional analysis and a modified compensation method were adopted, with the projectile residual velocity taken as the equivalence criterion, and a computational method for determining equivalent thickness was derived. Based on existing experimental data, numerical models for medium-velocity projectile penetration into reinforced concrete and granite targets were developed and validated using the LS-DYNA software. By varying the projectile impact velocity and target thickness in the numerical simulations, the similarities in damage characteristics between reinforced concrete and granite targets were systematically investigated, and the corresponding failure regions were classified. On the basis of the simulation results, specific equivalent design formulas for granite and reinforced concrete targets were obtained through data fitting. The results show that the established numerical models can accurately predict the projectile residual velocity and reproduce the failure characteristics of both target types during penetration. Compared with reinforced concrete, granite exhibits a smaller compaction zone and tunnel diameter, finer and longer cracks with higher propagation velocities, larger surface crack areas, and a greater tendency to form large spallation craters. Under identical penetration conditions, granite targets and reinforced concrete targets of equivalent thickness display similar failure characteristics, and both can be divided into five distinct failure regions. Through dimensional analysis and compensation correction, a dimensionless residual-velocity function for projectile penetration into reinforced concrete and granite targets was derived, together with an equivalent thickness formula relating the two materials. The fitted equivalent thickness coefficient between granite and reinforced concrete was determined to be 1.699 66. Validation of the proposed equivalence formula indicates that the residual-velocity error between the prototype and equivalent model targets is less than 5%. These results provide a useful reference for the equivalent design of rock targets subjected to medium-velocity projectile penetration and offer a systematic methodology for substituting reinforced concrete for granite in related experimental and engineering applications.
- granite,
- RC target,
- projectile penetration,
- material equivalence,
- correction compensation method

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References(32)

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