Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of a perforating string under transient pressure loading throughout the perforation process

DING Liangliang; LIAO Tao; LIAN Zhanghua; XUE Yongzhi; NING Kun; LIU Ronghui

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0122

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2026 > Accepted Manuscript

DING Liangliang, LIAO Tao, LIAN Zhanghua, XUE Yongzhi, NING Kun, LIU Ronghui. Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of a perforating string under transient pressure loading throughout the perforation process[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0122

Citation:

DING Liangliang, LIAO Tao, LIAN Zhanghua, XUE Yongzhi, NING Kun, LIU Ronghui. Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of a perforating string under transient pressure loading throughout the perforation process[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0122

Citation:

DING Liangliang, LIAO Tao, LIAN Zhanghua, XUE Yongzhi, NING Kun, LIU Ronghui. Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of a perforating string under transient pressure loading throughout the perforation process[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0122

PDF( 5870 KB)

Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of a perforating string under transient pressure loading throughout the perforation process

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0122

1.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Reservoir Geology and Development Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
3.
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China

Received Date: 2026-04-21
Rev Recd Date: 2026-07-20

Available Online: 2026-08-16

Abstract

Abstract

Transient pressure fluctuations generated during perforating operations in ultra-deep wells can induce severe axial vibration, stress-wave reflection, local stress amplification, and failure of perforating strings and downhole tools. The objective was to establish a dynamic-analysis framework that represents the complete wellbore-pressure history and clarifies the respective effects of the detonation-pressure peak and the dynamic-underbalance trough on string response and failure risk. A transient pressure-evolution model was first used to reproduce the initial equilibrium, rapid detonation-induced pressure rise, pressure decline, dynamic-underbalance formation, pressure recovery, and final equilibrium stages. The calculated pressure history was then converted into the incremental axial load acting at the lower end of the string. The string below the packer was represented as a one-dimensional elastic rod with a fixed upper boundary. Initial deformation caused by gravity and pre-perforation pressure was separated from the transient incremental displacement to avoid repeated loading. The governing equation incorporated axial elasticity, inertia, and equivalent viscous damping induced by the annular fluid. An explicit finite-difference method was adopted to calculate the displacement, acceleration, axial stress, and stress-wave propagation along the string. Field measurements from Well X1 in the Junggar Basin were used for validation, and an ultra-deep well in the Sichuan Basin was analyzed to evaluate spatial response characteristics and parameter sensitivity. For well X1, the relative error between the predicted and measured peak axial accelerations was 8.62%, confirming that the model reproduced the dominant response during the initial strong-impact stage. The case analysis shows that axial stress waves attenuate during propagation but are reflected and superimposed at the fixed packer boundary, raising the local peak stress to 199.43 MPa and identifying the packer and adjacent connections as critical. When the detonation-pressure peak increased from 75 MPa to 115 MPa, maximum tensile and compressive stresses increased by 17.24% and 44.71%, respectively, and the effective compressive load approached the sinusoidal-buckling threshold. When the dynamic-underbalance trough decreased from 30 MPa to 10 MPa, the maximum tensile and compressive stresses increased by 80.73% and 53.67%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the detonation-pressure peak primarily controls compressive stress and buckling susceptibility, whereas a lower dynamic-underbalance trough primarily amplifies tensile stress and connection-failure risk. The complete pressure history is therefore essential for integrity assessment and operational optimization of perforating strings in ultra-deep wells.
- ultra-deep well,
- perforating string,
- detonation pressure,
- dynamic underbalance pressure,
- dynamic response,
- failure mechanism

FullText(HTML)

References(27)

References

[1]	汪海阁, 黄洪春, 毕文欣, 等. 深井超深井油气钻井技术进展与展望 [J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8): 163–177. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.08.015. WANG H G, HUANG H C, BI W X, et al. Deep and ultra-deep oil/gas well drilling technologies: progress and prospect [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(8): 163–177. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.08.015.
[2]	邓虎, 贾利春. 四川盆地深井超深井钻井关键技术与展望 [J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(12): 82–94. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.12.009. DENG H, JIA L C. Key technologies for drilling deep and ultra-deep wells in the Sichuan Basin: current status, challenges and prospects [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(12): 82–94. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.12.009.
[3]	王清华, 徐振平, 张荣虎, 等. 塔里木盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型及资源潜力 [J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(1): 15–32. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202401002. WANG Q H, XU Z P, ZHANG R H, et al. New fields, new types of hydrocarbon explorations and their resource potentials in Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 15–32. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202401002.
[4]	袁发勇, 张锦宏, 陈志航, 等. 三联作射孔爆轰井筒环空压力脉动规律研究 [J]. 天然气与石油, 2024, 42(1): 68–73. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2024.01.010. YUAN F Y, ZHANG J H, CHEN Z H, et al. Study on detonation pressure pulsation pattern of triple perforating explosion [J]. Natural Gas and Oil, 2024, 42(1): 68–73. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2024.01.010.
[5]	江武, 鲁斌昌, 魏军, 等. 准噶尔盆地LT1超高压井试油测试技术实践 [J]. 钻采工艺, 2022, 45(5): 160–163. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2022.05.29. JIANG W, LU B C, WEI J, et al. Practice of well testing technology for ultra-high pressure well LT1 in Junggar Basin [J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2022, 45(5): 160–163. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2022.05.29.
[6]	DING L L, CHEN W K, HAN C J, et al. Study on explosion energy conversion of a perforating shaped charge during perforation detonation [J]. SPE Journal, 2024, 29(6): 2938–2952. DOI: 10.2118/219473-PA.
[7]	余勇, 宋志同, 李献宾, 等. 青海油田高温高压低渗储层动态负压射孔-酸化-测试联作技术研究及应用 [J]. 钻采工艺, 2020, 43(2): 129–131. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2020.02.35. YU Y, SONG Z T, LI X B, et al. Research and application of dynamic negative-pressure perforation, acidification and test combination technology in high temperature, high pressure and low permeability reservoir of Qinghai Oilfield [J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2020, 43(2): 129–131. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2020.02.35.
[8]	李文哲, 李玉飞, 王汉, 等. 蓬莱气田深井超深井试油完井工艺优化研究与应用 [J]. 钻采工艺, 2025, 48(2): 82–87. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2025.02.11. LI W Z, LI Y F, WANG H, et al. Research and application of well testing and completion technology improvement for deep and ultra-deep wells in Penglai Gas Field [J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2025, 48(2): 82–87. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2025.02.11.
[9]	佘朝毅. 四川盆地超深层钻完井技术进展及其对万米特深井的启示 [J]. 天然气工业, 2024, 44(1): 40–48. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.01.004. SHE C Y. Progress in ultra-deep drilling and completion technology in the Sichuan Basin and its implications for extra-deep wells of more than ten thousand meters in depth [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(1): 40–48. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.01.004.
[10]	唐凯, 王海东, 彭建新, 等. 8000m超高温超高压超深井射孔配套技术 [J]. 钻采工艺, 2018, 41(2): 57–60. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2018.02.17. TANG K, WANG H D, PENG J X, et al. Perforating technology for super high temperature and pressure 8000m deep wells [J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2018, 41(2): 57–60. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2018.02.17.
[11]	刘岩生, 张佳伟, 黄洪春. 中国深层—超深层钻完井关键技术及发展方向 [J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(1): 312–324. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202401018. LIU Y S, ZHANG J W, HUANG H C. Key technologies and development direction for deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion in China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 312–324. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202401018.
[12]	练章华, 万智勇, 王飞文, 等. 超深井射孔冲击动载荷引起封隔器断裂失效分析 [J]. 天然气工业, 2024, 44(6): 44–51. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.06.005. LIAN Z H, WAN Z Y, WANG F W, et al. Analysis on packer fracture failure caused by dynamic load of perforating impact in ultra-deep well [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(6): 44–51. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.06.005.
[13]	何新兴, 陈建波, 刘洪涛, 等. 射孔管柱断裂失效分析及其控制措施 [J]. 测井技术, 2021, 45(2): 222–226. DOI: 10.16489/j.issn.1004-1338.2021.02.020. HE X X, CHEN J B, LIU H T, et al. Perforation string fracture failure analysis and its control measures [J]. Well Logging Technology, 2021, 45(2): 222–226. DOI: 10.16489/j.issn.1004-1338.2021.02.020.
[14]	CRADDOCK G G, ZHANG W, WIGHT J, et al. Investigating the dynamic three-dimensional loading effects on perforating guns imposed by shaped charges [C]//International Petroleum Technology Conference. Doha: International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2014. DOI: 10.2523/IPTC-17282-MS.
[15]	CANAL A C, MILETTO P, SCHOENER-SCOTT M F, et al. Predicting pressure behavior and dynamic shock loads on completion hardware during perforating [C]//Offshore Technology Conference. Houston: Offshore Technology Conference, 2010: 125–138. DOI: 10.4043/21059-MS.
[16]	李明飞, 徐绯, 窦益华. 爆轰冲击载荷作用下射孔段管柱动力响应分析 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2019, 38(18): 185–191,222. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2019.18.026. LI M F, XU F, DOU Y H. Dynamic response analysis of a perforated pipe string under detonation impact load [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2019, 38(18): 185–191,222. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2019.18.026.
[17]	DENG Q, ZHANG H, LI J, et al. Study of downhole shock loads for ultra-deep well perforation and optimization measures [J]. Energies, 2019, 12(14): 2743. DOI: 10.3390/en12142743.
[18]	柳军, 简屹林, 陈益丽, 等. 超深井射孔冲击振动模型及减振器振动抑制研究 [J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(5): 146–154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2024.05.017. LIU J, JIAN Y L, CHEN Y L, et al. Research on perforation impact vibration model and vibration suppression of shock absorber in ultra-deep well [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 31(5): 146–154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2024.05.017.
[19]	杨文武, 李浩, 林勇, 等. 多因素影响下射孔段管柱振动力学分析 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(10): 223–229. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2024.10.026. YANG W W, LI H, LIN Y, et al. Vibration mechanics analysis of a perforating string under the influence of multiple factors [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(10): 223–229. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2024.10.026.
[20]	窦益华, 饶一伍, 李明飞, 等. 充填射孔枪的射孔液压力脉动及管柱应力分析 [J]. 石油机械, 2025, 53(4): 56–63. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202403114. DOU Y H, RAO Y W, LI M F, et al. Pressure pulsation of perforating fluid and string stress in filling perforating gun [J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2025, 53(4): 56–63. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202403114.
[21]	陈永涛, 申智春, 郑钢铁. 基于有限元仿真的薄壁圆柱壳轴向动力屈曲实验研究 [J]. 宇航学报, 2006, 27(6): 1178–1181. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1328.2006.06.011. CHEN Y T, SHEN Z C, ZHENG G T. Experiment research on axial dynamic buckling of thin-wall cylindrical shells based on finite element model [J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2006, 27(6): 1178–1181. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1328.2006.06.011.
[22]	陈永涛, 郑钢铁. 确定轴向冲击下薄壁圆柱壳第二临界速度的新方法 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2007, 26(1): 49–51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2007.01.014. CHEN Y T, ZHENG G T. New method for determining the second critical speed of thin-wall cylindrical shells under axial impact [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2007, 26(1): 49–51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2007.01.014.
[23]	DING L L, WANG K J, ZHANG L, et al. Nonlinear pressure evolution in wellbore during the tubing conveyed perforation process [J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2025, 147(2): 021401. DOI: 10.1115/1.4067456.
[24]	DENG Q, ZHANG H, LI J, et al. Analysis of impact load on tubing and shock absorption during perforating [J]. Open Physics, 2019, 17(1): 214–221. DOI: 10.1515/phys-2019-0022.
[25]	DING L L, CHEN W K, HAN C J, et al. Study on transient prediction method of dynamic underbalanced pressure after perforation detonation in ultra-deep wells [J]. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 2024, 241: 213096. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoen.2024.213096.
[26]	魏强. 直井上击解卡与冲击井底时管柱动力学研究 [D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2025: 20. DOI: 10.27440/d.cnki.gysdu.2025.000107. WEI Q. Study on the pipe string dynamics during up-jar releasing and the pipe string impacts on the bottom of a straight well [D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2025. DOI: 10.27440/d.cnki.gysdu.2025.000107.
[27]	WU J. Buckling behavior of pipes in directional and horizontal wells [D]. College Station: Texas A&M University, 1992: 110.