爆炸冲击波作用下颅脑损伤机理的数值模拟研究

栗志杰; 由小川; 柳占立; 杜智博; 张仡; 杨策; 庄茁

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0348

爆炸冲击波作用下颅脑损伤机理的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0348

栗志杰^1,,
由小川^1, ,,
柳占立¹,
杜智博¹,
张仡¹,
杨策²,
庄茁¹

1.
清华大学航天航空学院，北京 100084
2.
陆军军医大学大坪医院，重庆 400038

详细信息

作者简介:
栗志杰（1987－　），男，硕士，博士研究生，lizhijie_20082006@163.com

通讯作者:
由小川（1977－　），男，博士，副研究员，youxiaochuan@tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-14
- 修回日期: 2018-10-12
- 网络出版日期: 2019-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-01

Numerical simulation of the mechanism of traumatic brain injury induced by blast shock waves

1.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2.
Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China

摘要

摘要: 爆炸引起的颅脑损伤已经成为现代战场单兵的主要致伤形式，而相关的致伤机理尚未完全阐明。本文中，针对头部在爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应及相关致伤机理进行了数值模拟研究。首先，基于颅脑的核磁共振切片建立了人体头部三维数值模型，该模型真实地反映了颅脑的生理特征与细节构造；利用该模型对人体头部碰撞实验进行数值模拟，模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好，验证了头部模型的有效性。在此基础上，基于欧拉-拉格朗日耦合(Euler-Lagrangian coupling method，CEL)方法发展了爆炸冲击波-头部流固耦合模型，对头部受到爆炸冲击波正面冲击工况进行了数值模拟，分别从流场压力分布、脑组织压力、颅骨变形与加速度等方面对头部动态响应过程进行了分析。爆炸冲击波峰值压力在流固耦合作用下增大为入射波的3.5倍，致使受到直接冲击处的颅骨与脑组织发生高频振动，相应的振动频率高达8 kHz，这与碰撞载荷下的脑组织动态响应是完全不同的。同时，该处颅骨的局部弯曲变形会沿着颅骨进行“传播”，影响着整个颅骨的变化构型，从而决定了脑组织压力与损伤的演化过程。
- 三维头部模型 /
- 爆炸冲击波 /
- 创伤性脑损伤 /
- 流固耦合
Abstract: Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (b-TBI) is a signature injury in the current military conflicts. However, the relevant mechanism of injury has not been fully elucidated. In this paper, numerical simulation study is carried out to investigate the dynamic response of brain injury mechanics during the blast loading. Firtstly, the 3D numerical head model is established based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human head, whose physiological characteristics and detailed structures are included. The numerical model is adopted to simulate the head collision and the results are in good agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating the validity of the numerical model. Based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) theory, a fluid-solid coupling model of explosive shock wave-head is developed. The coupled model is used to simulate the situation of head subjected to frontal impacts by explosion shock wave. The dynamic response of the head is analyzed from the pressure distribution of flow field, brain pressure, skull deformation and acceleration. The peak pressure of explosion shock wave increases 3.5 times as much as that of incident wave under fluid-structure interaction, resulting in high-frequency vibration of skull and brain tissue at the site of direct shock. The corresponding vibration frequency is as high as 8 kHz, which is completely different from the dynamic response of brain tissue under head collision. At the same time, the local bending deformation will “propagate” along the skull, affecting the whole skull configuration, which determines the evolution process of brain tissue pressure and injury.
- 3D head model /
- blast shock waves /
- traumatic brain injury /
- fluid-structure interaction

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图 1 头部解剖结构示意图^[20]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram for anatomical structures of head ^[20]

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图 2 三维头部有限元模型

Figure 2. 3D finite element model of human head

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图 3 前额处与枕部处脑组织的压力曲线

Figure 3. Pressure curues of brain tissue at the forehead and occiput

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图 4 碰撞压力曲线

Figure 4. Impact pressure curve

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图 5 颅内压力测点位置

Figure 5. Locations of measurement points for intracranial pressure

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图 6 颅内压力模拟结果与实验结果的对比

Figure 6. Comparison of intracranial pressure between experiments and calculations

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图 7 前额撞击时脑组织压力云图

Figure 7. Nephogram of brain pressure for the forehead collision

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图 8 爆炸冲击波-头部的流固耦合模型

Figure 8. Fluid-solid coupling model of explosive blast wave-head

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图 9 爆炸冲击波压力曲线的理论结果与实验结果对比

Figure 9. Comparison of pressure curves of explosion blast between theoretical and experimental results

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图 10 正面冲击时流场压力分布

Figure 10. Pressure distribution of flow field in blast frontal impact

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图 11 正面冲击时眼部的流场压力分布

Figure 11. Pressure distribution of flow field around the eyes in blast frontal impact

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图 12 正面冲击时特征点处脑组织的压力曲线

Figure 12. Pressure curves of brain tissue at feature points in blast frontal impact

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图 13 正面冲击时颅脑压力云图与颅骨变形云图

Figure 13. Nephogram of brain pressure and skull displacement in blast frontal impact

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图 14 前额处颅骨加速度曲线

Figure 14. Acceleration curves of forehead skull

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表 1 黏超弹性材料参数

Table 1. Material properties for hyper-viscoelastic model

密度/(kg·m⁻³)	C₀₁/Pa	C₁₀/Pa	K/GPa
1 060	3 102.5	3 447.2	2.19

阶数i	g_i	k_i	τ_i/s
1	0.528 262	0	0.008
2	0.301 899	0	0.150

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表 2 线弹性材料参数

Table 2. Material properties for liner elastic model

部位	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比	部位	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比
大脑镰	1 130	31.5	0.45	骨密质	2 000	15 000	0.22
硬脑膜	1 130	31.5	0.45	骨松质	1 300	1 000	0.24
小脑幕	1 130	31.5	0.45	下颌骨	1 710	5 370	0.19
蛛网膜	1 130	22.0	0.45	脖颈	1 250	354	0.30
软脑膜	1 130	11.5	0.45	皮肤	1 200	16.7	0.42

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