高速冲击表面处理对金属材料力学性能和组织结构的影响

高玉魁; 陶雪菲

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0342

高速冲击表面处理对金属材料力学性能和组织结构的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0342

高玉魁^{1, 2,},
陶雪菲³

1.
同济大学材料科学与工程学院，上海 201804
2.
上海市金属功能材料开发应用重点实验室，上海 201804
3.
同济大学航空航天与力学学院，上海 200092

详细信息

作者简介:
高玉魁（1973－　），男，博士，教授，ykgao12088@126.com

中图分类号: O347.3; TB31
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- 文章访问数: 1214
- HTML全文浏览量: 858
- PDF下载量: 64
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-22
- 修回日期: 2020-11-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-18
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-14

A review on the influences of high speed impact surface treatments on mechanical properties and microstructures of metallic materials

GAO Yukui^{1, 2
,},
TAO Xuefei³

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
2.
Shanghai Key Laboratory od R&D for Metallic Function Materials, Shanghai 201804, China
3.
School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 高速冲击表面处理过程中的应变率对金属材料的宏观力学性能和微观组织结构都具有重要影响。根据当前应变率效应的研究成果，从宏观与微观相结合的角度出发，综述了高速冲击表面处理过程中应变率对金属材料强度和塑性的影响规律，并重点阐述了不同应变率下金属材料内部微观组织结构的演变规律，主要包括晶粒结构、绝热剪切带、相变、位错组态和析出相以及变形孪晶等。此外，还分析了组织结构随应变率的演化和微观变形机制的转变对材料力学性能的强化和弱化机理。最后，对高速冲击表面处理梯度组织的变形特点进行了总结。提出了不同组织结构对材料性能影响的综合效应模型，以期为应变率效应的深入研究奠定基础。
- 高速冲击表面处理 /
- 金属材料 /
- 应变率效应 /
- 力学性能 /
- 微观组织结构
Abstract: The strain rate during the process of high speed impact surface treatments has a significant effect on the mechanical properties as well as the microstructures of metallic materials. In this paper, the effects of strain rate during the process of high speed impact surface treatments on the variation of both strength and ductility of metallic materials are reviewed from macroscopic and microscopic prospective based on the current research achievements. The emphases are concentrated on the microstructural evolution under various strain rates, including grain structures, adiabatic shear bands, phases, dislocation structures, precipitates and deformation twins. At relatively low strain rates, grains tend to be elongated with respect to the loading direction, and they may be refined when the strain increases to a certain extent. In comparison, with the increment of strain rates, the free path of dislocation motion is remarkably reduced so that grains can be further refined to consume the impact energy and dislocations are multiplied significantly. However, the relatively high strain rates may also bring about adiabatic temperature rise and frictional heat, which may give rise to dynamic recovery and recrystallization in some materials so that the dislocation density would in turn be reduced. Moreover, precipitates can be formed and they may interact with dislocations owing to the combined effects of high strain rates and temperature rise. When the strain rates increase to the extremely high level, the movement of dislocations may be inhibited and deformation twins can be triggered to coordinate the deformation. As a result, the strain rate effects are complicated phenomena which comprehensively affect the microstructural strengthening and softening effects. Based on these, the influences of both microstructural evolution and the transition of microscopic deformation mechanisms with strain rates on the enhancement and deterioration of mechanical properties are analyzed. Finally, the characteristics of deformation mechanisms of the gradient microstructures derived from high velocity impact surface treatments are concluded. Furthermore, a comprehensive model embodying the influences of different microstructures is proposed, which can provide a foundation for the further researches of strain rate effects.
- high speed impact surface treatment /
- metallic materials /
- strain rate effects /
- mechanical properties /
- microstructures

HTML全文

图 1 材料性能的影响因素示意图^[3]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the influencing factors of mechanical properties^[3]

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图 2 根据应变率的加载模式分类^[7]

Figure 2. Classifications of loads with reference to strain rate^[7]

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图 3 不同材料高速冲击表面处理前后力学性能变化^{[21, 23]}

Figure 3. Mechanical properties of different materials processed by various high velocity impact surface treatments^{[21, 23]}

FSW: Friction stir welding; LW: laser-welded; HAZ: heat affected zone; FZ: fusion zone

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图 4 不同材料经高速冲击表面处理后的塑性变化^[24-26]

Figure 4. The plastic changes of different materials processed by high velocity impact surface treatments^[24-26]

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图 5 不同材料经高速冲击表面处理后的拉伸断口^[27-28]

Figure 5. Tensile fracture morphologies of different materials after high speed impact surface treatment^[27-28]

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图 6 不同梯度材料的应力应变曲线^[30-31]

Figure 6. The stress-strain curves of different gradient materials^[30-31]

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图 7 低应变率表面处理后的晶粒形貌^[34-35]

Figure 7. Grain structure of materials processed by low-strain-rate surface treatments^[34-35]

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图 8 表面形变处理横截面梯度形貌^[37-39]

Figure 8. The cross section morphologies of the specimen processed by surface mechanical treatment^[37-39]

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图 9 AA2060铝锂合金喷丸过程中的动态回复再结晶^[46]

Figure 9. Dynamic recovery and recrystallization of AA2060 Al-Li alloy induced by shot peening^[46]

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图 10 AA2060铝锂合金喷丸前后晶粒取向图^[46]

Figure 10. Grain orientation map of AA2060 Al-Li alloy before and after shot peening^[46]

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图 11 304奥氏体不锈钢的冲击相变^[57]

Figure 11. Phase transformation of 304 austenite stainless steel by impact deformation^[57]

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图 12 不同材料在不同高速冲击表面处理下的形变诱发相变^[60-62]

Figure 12. Deformation induced phase transformation of different materials under different high velocity impact surface treatments^[60-62]

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图 13 位错组态随应变量和应变率的演变规律示意图^[66-67]

Figure 13. Proposed diagram of dislocation evolution with the increment of plastic strain and strain rates^[66-67]

(LGs: large grains; DLs: dislocation lines; DWs: dislocation walls; DTs: dislocation tangles; UFGs: ultrafine-grains; NGs: nano-grains)

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图 14 高速冲击表面处理后不同深度处的位错组态^[68-70]

Figure 14. Dislocations at different depths after high velocity impact surface treatments^[68-70]

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图 15 不同材料在不同高速冲击表面处理变形时析出相变化^[72-74]

Figure 15. The variation of precipitates of different materials deformed under different high velocity impact surface treatments^[72-74]

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图 16 位错运动通过强化相方式^[77]

Figure 16. The ways of dislocation moving through strengthening phases^[77]

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图 17 应变率对位错与析出相之间相互作用的影响^[77]

Figure 17. Effects of strain rate on the interaction of dislocations and precipitates^[77]

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图 18 位错到变形孪晶的演变规律示意图^[68]

Figure 18. Schematic diagram of the transformation from dislocations to deformation twins with the increment of plastic strain and strain rates^[68]

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图 19 高应变率下变形孪晶^[85-86]

Figure 19. Deformation twins occurred under high strain rates^[85-86]

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图 20 纳米晶铝TEM图像^[41]

Figure 20. TEM micrographs of nanocrystalline aluminum deformed by manually grinding^[41]

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图 21 Thompson双四面体与纳米孪晶片层的相对位向关系^[89]

Figure 21. A schematics showing the relative orientation between a double Thompson tetrahedra and twin lamellae^[89]

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图 22 试样变形示意图

Figure 22. Schematic diagram of sample deformation

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